the nervous system 1

• Heredity strongly shapes our behavior and experience, but it does not operate in a simple, deterministic way.
• DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a large molecule that contains the genetic material and is passed down in the form of chromosomes from both parents.
• A chromosome is a very long thread of DNA wrapped around proteins that hold it all together.
• A normal individual has a total of 46 chromosomes (23 chromosomes from one parent, and another 23 from the other parent) or 23 pairs.
• The genome is the total amount of unique DNA.
• The genotype is the entire genetic makeup of an organism.
• The fingerlike projections on neurons that receive incoming messages from other neurons are called dendrites.
• Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is used during open-heart surgery to revive a patient whose heart rate has dropped.
• The peripheral nervous system (PNS) generally consists of the sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system.
• The fingerlike projections on neurons that receive incoming messages from other neurons are called dendrites.
• When a neurotransmitter is pushed back to the presynaptic neuron, it can be said that a resting potential has occurred.
• Mutation is a random change in genetic sequence.
• Heredity strongly shapes our behavior and experience, although it does not operate in a simple, deterministic way.
• Alleles are the different forms of a gene, one of which you inherit from your mother and the other from your father.
• Genes are small segments of DNA that contain information for producing proteins.
• Epinephrine arouses bodily systems such as increasing heart rate.
• The fingerlike projections on neurons that receive incoming messages from other neurons are called dendrites.
• The nerve impulse, known as the action potential, travels down the axon, jumping from one space in the axon's myelin sheath to the next, because channels are opening and closing in the axon's membrane.
• GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain that tells postsynaptic neurons not to fire.
• Glutamate is now being investigated how it leads to the development of schizophrenia.
• In neural transmission, the information always travels in one direction in the neuron from the dendrites to the soma to the axon to the synapses.
• Some neurotransmitters tend to be excitatory and increase the likelihood of an action potential.
• Neurotransmitters released by the presynaptic neuron then bind with receptors in the membrane of the postsynaptic neuron.
• This binding of neurotransmitter to receptor creates electrical changes in the postsynaptic neuron's cell membrane, at its dendrites.
• The neurotransmitters are released into the space between neurons, known as the synaptic cleft.
• Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain that is important in learning, memory, neural processing, and brain development.
• The dendrites receive a message from other neurons, which is integrated in the soma.
• A normal individual has a total of 46 chromosomes (23 chromosomes from one parent, and another 23 from the other parent) or 23 pairs.
• Heritability is the extent to which a characteristic is influenced by genetics.
• Polygenic is the process by which many genes interact to create a single characteristic such as height, weight, personality, intelligence, etc.
• Monogenic is the hereditary passing on of traits determined by a single gene.
• Mutation is a random change in genetic sequence.
• Alleles are the different forms of a gene.
• Identifying genetic and environmental influences can be done through special techniques: twin-adoption studies and gene-by-environment studies.
• Epigenetics is the study of changes in the way genes are expressed without changing the sequence of DNA.
• The genotype is the entire genetic makeup of an organism.
• Behavioral genetics is the scientific study of the role of heredity in behavior.
• A chromosome is a very long thread of DNA wrapped around proteins that hold it all together.
• The nervous system controls all the actions and automatic processes of the body.
• Genes and behavior are linked through a complex process that is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.