stem cells

• ACIBADEM UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE HISTOLOGY - EMBRYOLOGY YEAR 1 Deniz Yücel, PhD, Assist Professor explains the properties of stem cells.
• Deniz Yücel, PhD, Assist Professor describes the stages of stem cells.
• Deniz Yücel, PhD, Assist Professor describes the types of stem cells.
• Deniz Yücel, PhD, Assist Professor lists the potential stem cells used in research and explains their properties and applications.
• Stem Cells are divided into three basic categories: Germ Cells, Somatic Cells, and Stem Cells, also known as "The source of the life".
• Stem Cells have potential uses in patient-specific stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine.
• Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells are similar to Embryonic Stem Cells ( ESCs ), are pluripotent, express certain stem cell genes and proteins, form embryoid bodies, and form teratoma.
• Hematopoietic Stem Cells ( HSCs ) are a type of stem cell.
• Yucel D, PhD Thesis discusses Cluster of differentiation – cell surface molecules ( cell adhesion or receptors ).
• Stem Cells are an ideal model for studying the development of organisms and cell biology, regenerative medicine, cell transplantation, tissue engineering, drug discovery and development.
• Mesenchymal Stem Cells are found in Wharton's Jelly.
• Stem Cells are undifferentiated, meaning they are not specialized cells, and have the ability to self-renew, meaning they are able to divide and produce copies of themselves.
• Stem Cells have the potential to differentiate into specialized cell types, mature cells, and can give rise to many different cell types, several lineages, and descendants.
• Stem Cells are the founder cells for mature cells, tissues, and organs in the body.
• Stem Cells undergo a process called asymmetric cell division, which involves the asymmetric localization of cell polarity regulators, the segregation of cell fate determinants to the cytoplasm of one daughter cell, and the regulated orientation of the mitotic spindle by extrinsic signals.
• Stem cells can differentiate into various types of cells and tissues, with different levels of potency.
• Embryonic stem cells have the highest differentiation potential, or potency, and can generate all the cells and tissues that make up an embryo and extra embryonic tissues.
• Oligopotent stem cells are progenitor cells that can differentiate into a few cell types.
• Stem cells can be categorized into embryonic stem cells, primordial germ cells, fetal stem cells, fetal tissue, extra embryonic structures, and adult stem cells.
• Tissue specific or restricted cells are multipotent and can give rise to a limited number of lineages.
• Embryonic stem cells have the highest in vitro proliferative capacity in an undifferentiated state.
• Unipotent stem cells are precursor cells that are committed to forming a single cell type.
• Pluripotent stem cells can give rise to cells derived from all three embryonic germ layers and have the potential to differentiate most cell types.
• Stem cells have the ability for self-renewal and can divide indefinitely in an undifferentiated state.
• Stem cells also have the ability for regeneration and repair of certain tissues.
• Stem cells have features that allow them to fulfill their multiple functions, including providing enough cells during organogenesis, controlling tissue homeostasis, and controlling the formation of new cells to be replaced with death cells.
• Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) have high telomerase activity and uncontrollable cell division, which can lead to tumorigenesis.
• Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) are ethically controversial due to the question of whether an embryo is a person.
• Scientists are investigating the possibility that an adult stem cell from one tissue may, under the right conditions, give rise to cell types of another tissue, which increases their therapeutic potential.
• Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have a paracrine effect on bone marrow, adipose tissue, and dental pulp.
• Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are ethically noncontroversial, have a reduced risk of teratoma formation and immune response, and can differentiate into osteocytes, chondrocytes and adipocytes.
• Supportive extra-embryonic tissues for Fetal Stem Cells include umbilical cord matrix (Wharton’s Jelly), umbilical cord blood, placenta and amniotic fluid.
• Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) can differentiate into tissues different from their origin, a process known as transdifferentiation.
• Hematopoietic stem cells, neural stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are examples of adult stem cells.
• Fetal Stem Cells (FSCs) are derived from various tissues in adults and give rise to the cell types from which they originated.