Cognitive Explanations of Gender Development

• What is the first psychological theory of gender development discussed?

  Cognitive theory
• What does cognitive psychology focus on in relation to gender?

  How information is mentally processed
• According to cognitive theories, how is our experience of gender formed?

  Through the development of schemas
• How do cognitive theories view the process of gender development?

  As an active process
• What influences children's ideas on gender according to cognitive theories?

  Their experiences and intellectual development
• How does cognitive theory differ from social learning theory in terms of gender learning?

  Cognitive theory sees it as active, social learning as passive
• What are the three stages of Kohlberg's theory of gender development?

  Identity, stability, consistency
• At what age do children identify themselves as a boy or girl according to Kohlberg?

  Between two to three years old
• What realization occurs in the second stage of Kohlberg's theory?

  Children understand their gender is fixed
• What is the key understanding in the third stage of Kohlberg's theory?

  Gender is fixed despite physical changes
• What do children do after reaching the consistency stage according to Kohlberg?

  They seek to interact with same-gender peers
• What did Slaby and Frey's study investigate?

  Children's attention to same-sex models
• What was the outcome of Slaby and Frey's study?

  Children in the consistency stage focused on same-sex models
• What is gender schema theory based on?

  Mental representations of gendered behaviors
• Who created gender schema theory?

  Martin and Halverson
• At what age do children develop their gender schema according to gender schema theory?

  Around two or three years old
• What is the ingroup in gender schema theory?

  The gender the child identifies with
• How do adults influence children's gender schema development?

  Through toys and language used
• What did Martin and Halverson's study find regarding children's recall of gendered activities?

  Children switched the sex of individuals to match activities
• How does gender schema theory differ from Kohlberg's theory regarding the age of gendered behavior development?

  Gender schema theory suggests earlier development
• What does the general evaluation suggest about gendered behavior?

  It may be innate rather than cognitive
• What did Alexander and Hines' study on vervet monkeys suggest?

  Gendered toy preferences may be biological
• What is a criticism of studies on gender development involving young children?

  Children may not communicate ideas effectively
• How do cognitive theories compare to social learning theory regarding sex typing?

  Social learning theory explains stronger male sex typing
• What is a positive aspect of cognitive theories of gender development?

  They focus on internal mental processes
• What is the content of the 2019 exam question mentioned?

  Kohlberg’s explanation for gender development
• What is the purpose of the Patreon support mentioned in the content?

  To develop free A-level videos
• What can patrons access at the neuron level and above?

  Bonus gender tutorial videos
• What is the aim of the psych boost videos mentioned?

  To provide exam tips and model answers
• What is the next topic mentioned after cognitive theories?

  The psychodynamic explanation of gender development