Transition Metals

• Who is the presenter of the video on transition metals?

  Chris Harris
• What is the focus of the video presented by Chris Harris?

  Transition metals for AQA chemistry
• What does the video guarantee regarding its content?

  It is relevant to AQA specification
• What types of videos are available on the Mallory Chemistry YouTube channel?

  Revision videos and whiteboard tutorials
• What is required to support the Mallory Chemistry channel?

  Hit the subscribe button
• What can viewers purchase from the link in the description box?

  PowerPoint slides for revision
• What are the main topics covered in the video?

  Transition metal complexes and ligands
• What is the significance of d-block elements in the periodic table?

  They are the transition metals
• Which elements are considered transition metals in the d-block?

  Scandium to zinc
• What is a defining characteristic of transition metals?

  Partially filled d subshells
• How many electrons can a d subshell hold?

  Up to 10 electrons
• Why are scandium and zinc not considered transition metals?

  They do not form stable ions with partially filled d subshells
• How do electrons fill orbitals in transition metals?

  They fill singly before pairing up
• What analogy is used to explain electron filling in orbitals?

  Seating on a bus
• What happens to electrons when they occupy orbitals?

  They prefer unoccupied orbitals first
• What is the electron configuration of titanium?

  1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d2 4s2
• What unique behavior does chromium exhibit in its electron configuration?

  One electron from 4s jumps to 3d
• Which two transition metals have unique electron configurations?

  Chromium and copper
• What is the electron configuration of iron in its elemental form?

  1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d6 4s2
• How does iron form its 3+ ion?

  By losing three electrons from 4s and 3d
• What are the observable properties of transition metals?

  Variable oxidation states and colored ions
• Why do transition metals have variable oxidation states?

  Due to close energy levels of 3d and 4s orbitals
• What is the significance of the closeness of 3d and 4s orbitals in transition metals?

  It allows for the formation of various ions
• What is the electron configuration of scandium?

  1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d1 4s2
• What is the electron configuration of zinc?

  1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2
• What is the significance of the electron configuration of zinc 2+?

  It has a full d subshell
• How are electrons removed to form ions in transition metals?

  From the 4s orbital before the 3d
• What is a significant aspect of transition metals in chemistry?

  They have variable oxidation states.
• Why do transition metals have variable oxidation states?

  Electrons in 4s and 3d orbitals are close in energy.
• How do transition metals form different ions?

  By gaining or losing electrons with similar energy.
• How do transition metals differ from Group 1 and Group 2 elements in ion formation?

  Transition metals form a variety of different ions.
• Which transition metal has multiple oxidation states and colors?

  Vanadium.
• What color is vanadium 2+ in solution?

  Violet.
• What color is vanadium 3+ in solution?

  Green.
• What color is vanadium 4+ in solution?

  Blue.
• What color is vanadium 5+ in solution?

  Yellow.
• What color is chromium 3+ in solution?

  Green.
• What color is dichromate in solution?

  Orange.
• What color is manganese 2+ in solution?


  Pink.
• What color is manganate in solution?

  Purple.