Polymers

• What are the three main types of condensation polymers mentioned?

  Polypeptides, polyamides, and polyesters
• What is condensation polymerization?

  Reaction of two monomers with water elimination
• How does condensation polymerization differ from addition polymerization?

  Condensation eliminates water; addition does not
• What type of link is formed in polyamides?

  Amide link
• What must monomers have to form polyamides?

  Two functional groups each
• What is Kevlar used for?

  Bulletproof vests and car tires
• What is the structure of benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid?

  Benzene ring with two carboxylate groups
• What is nylon 6-6 made from?

  Hexane-1,6-dioic acid and hexane-1,6-diamine
• Why is nylon 6-6 considered strong and durable?

  It has uniform chains that pack tightly
• What type of link is formed in polyesters?

  Esther link
• What is required to form a polyester?

  A dicarboxylic acid and a diol
• What is the process of forming polyesters called?

  Esterification
• What is eliminated during the formation of polyesters?

  Water
• What is the main characteristic of condensation reactions?

  Water is eliminated
• What are the key characteristics of condensation polymers?

  • Formed from two different monomers
  • Require at least two functional groups
  • Water is eliminated during formation
  • Types include polypeptides, polyamides, and polyesters
• What are the uses and properties of polyamides and polyesters?

  Polyamides:

  • Strong and durable
  • Used in bulletproof vests (e.g., Kevlar)
  • Formed from dicarboxylic acids and diamines

  
  

  Polyesters:

  • Formed from dicarboxylic acids and diols
  • Used in fabrics and packaging
  • Characterized by ester links
• What is a repeat unit in a polymer?

  • The specific arrangement of monomer units
  • Includes both monomer units joined together
  • Identified by trailing bonds at the ends
• What is the role of functional groups in condensation polymerization?

  • They enable the reaction between monomers
  • Essential for forming links in the polymer chain
  • Determine the type of polymer produced
• What is the significance of the term "dicarboxylic acid" in polymer formation?

  • Indicates two carboxylic acid groups per molecule
  • Essential for forming polyamides and polyesters
  • Allows for chain formation in polymers
• What type of link is formed when dicarboxylic acids react with diols?

  Ester links
• What is a dial?

  A molecule with two alcohol groups
• What is produced when dicarboxylic acids and diols react?

  Polyester
• Why is the reaction between dicarboxylic acids and diols called a condensation reaction?

  Water is removed during the reaction
• What is the name of the polyester that is commonly known?

  Terylene
• What are some uses of terylene?

  Plastic bottles and clothing
• What does the number in the triangle on plastic bottles indicate?

  Type of plastic
• What is the chemical reaction that forms terylene?

  Reaction of benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid with ethylene glycol
• What is hydrolysis?

  Breaking down using water
• What do condensation polymers produce when hydrolyzed?

  The original monomers
• How do condensation polymers differ from addition polymers in terms of degradation?

  Condensation polymers degrade better than addition polymers
• Why are condensation polymers more reactive with water?

  They have polar bonds
• What is a characteristic of addition polymers?

  They are unreactive and saturated
• What is the environmental concern regarding addition polymers?

  They do not degrade well in landfill
• What is one method to reduce plastic waste?

  Recycling addition polymers
• What is the role of chemists in plastic disposal?

  To create biodegradable plastics
• How do hydrogen bonds affect condensation polymers?

  They increase the strength of the polymers
• What is the main advantage of using condensation polymers?

  They are stronger and more rigid
• What is the significance of polar bonds in condensation polymers?

  They allow interaction with water
• What is a common use of Teflon?

  Non-stick coating on pans
• Why is it important to manage polymer disposal?

  To reduce environmental impact