4.2.4 - Guidelines and standard

• Standards are agreed ways of doing things
• Standards regard the principles of best practice and are usually made by a panel of experts
• The ISO is a non-governmental internal organization based in Switzerland
• The ISO brings together experts to create voluntary, international standards to help support businesses to develop products and solutions
• What are 3 example ISO standards:

  ISO 8601 - internationally recognised data time format

  ISO 14000 - a family of standards for environmental management

  ISO 9660 - standard that allows music to be stored on a CD
• The main ISO standard for IT is the ISO/IEC 27000 family which has 12 standards for information security management
• The ISO 27000:2018 document contains agreed standards and procedures for business ISMS
• Some W3C standards are as follows:

  Web design & applications

  Web of devices

  XML Technology

  Browsers & authorising tools
• W3C stands for worldwide web consortium
• W3C standards:

  Web design & applications - standards that determine the way in which websites are built. Additionally they handle things like webpages rendered seamlessly on any browser and devices
• W3C standards:

  Web of devices - set of standards for access to internet anywhere, anytime, with any device
• What does web of devices include beyond just web access from devices?

  Usage of the web technology on devices like TVs and printers
• XML is a markup language made for data exchange across the web across devices
• W3C standards:

  XML technology - defines standards for creating and manipulating XML docs
• W3C releases guidelines for accessibility, what is the shorthand and full

  Full: Web content accessibility guidelines

  Shorthand: WCAG
• WCAG1.0 was defined in 1999
• WCAG 1.0 contained 14 guidelines
• WCAG 2.0 only contains 12 guidelines
• WCAG 2.0 was defined to apply more widely to all web technologies, beyond just web
• What are the 12 guidelines of WCAG 2.0 split into?

  4 principles
• What are the 4 principles of WCAG 2.0?

  Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, Robust
• How many guidelines does each of the four principles of WCAG have

  P - 4

  O - 4

  U - 3

  R - 1
• How to remember how many guidelines each principle of WCAG has?

  R is one, total is twelve and the first two are four, therefore u is three
• What is the shorthand for the 4 principles of WCAG?

  Pour
• Way to remember shorthand for the 4 principles of WCAG?

  POUR one out for all the inaccessibles
• Perceivable 4 guidelines:

  • Alt text for non-text content
  • Alternatives for time-based media (subtitles)
  • Content that can be presented in different ways, without losses(like reading mode)
  • Make it easier for users to see and hear content
• Pereivable is how different people can see the content
• Operable 4 guidelines:

  • Make all functionality available from a keyboard
  • Provide users enough time to read and use content
  • Do not design content in a way that causes physical reactions
  • Provide ways for users to navigate, find content, and determine where they are
• Understandable 3 guidelines:

  • Make text content readable and understandable
  • Make web pages appear and operate predictably
  • Help users avoid and correct mistakes
• Robusts guideline:

  • Maximize compatibility with current and future user agents, including assistive technologies
• The IETF is a large open international community of network designers, operators, businesses, and researches
• IETF is concerned with the evolution of internet architecture and the smooth operation of the internet
• Unlike W3C, IETF is more concerned with software and hardware standards for data transmission around the internet, rather than it's content
• IETF is concerned with 4 main areas:

  New transport technology

  Automated network management

  The internet of things

  Security & privacy
• What do the 4 areas that IETFs share an acronym with?

  Network address translation service
• IETFS main areas acronym?

  NATs
• IETF 4 example standards: lowest to highest

  RFC 768 - UDP

  RFC 791 - IPV4

  RFC 793 - TCP

  RFC 1945 - HTTP
• RFC 791 - contains one core protocol for transmitting data across the internet
• RFC 793 - Complements IP for reliable transmission of data over the internet
• RFC 768 - An alternative to TCP that is less reliable but faster