Psychological Assessment 2

• Test Development - an umbrella term for all that goes into the process of creating a test.
• Test Conceptualization - Brain storming of ideas about what kind of test a developer wants to publish
• Pilot Testing - The first time the test is administered to participants who are not part of the normative sample. This helps identify any issues or problems with the test.
• Normative Sample - A group of people from which scores will be used as reference points when interpreting results.
• Validity - Whether a test measures what it claims to measure.
• Reliability - How consistent a test's score is over repeated administrations.
• Test Construction - stage in the process that entails writing test items, revisions, formatting, setting scoring rules
• scaling - process of setting riles for assigning numbers in measurement
• Age-based - age is of critical interest
• Grade-based - Grade is of critical interest
• Stanine - if all raw score of the test are to be transformed into scores that range from 1-9
• rating scale - grouping of words statements or symbols on which judgements of the strength of a particular trait are indicated by the testaker
• Summative scale - final score is obtained by summing the ratings across all the items
• Likert scale - scale attitudes, usually reliable
• Thurstone scale - collection of a variety of different statements about a phenomenon which are ranked by an expert panel in order to develop the questionnaire
• Guttman scale - yields ordinal level measures
• Method of paired comparison - produces ordinal data by presenting with pairs of two stimuli which they are asked to compare
• Item pool - reservoir or well from which the items will or will not be drawn for the final version of the test
• Item Format - form, plan, structure, arrangement, and layout of individual test items
• Multiple choice - Has three elements: stem or question, a correct option, and several incorrect alternatives (distraction or foils)
• Matching item - test taker is presented with two columns: premises and responses
• Binary choice - true or false item
• Item banks - relatively large and easily accessible collection of test questions
• Computerized adaptive testing - a new form of testing that varies the difficulty, level, and order of questions that get asked depending on your performance within the test
• Floor and ceiling effects - highest and lowest score
• outlier - High scorers
• Item branching - ability of the computer to tailor the content and order of presentation of items on the basis of responses to previous items.
• cumulative scoring - the higher score one achieved on the test, the higher the test taker is on the ability that the test purpots to measure
• Class scoring/Category scoring - test taker responses earn credit toward placement in a particular class or category with other test taker who pattern of responses is presumably similar in someway.
• Ipsative scoring - comparing a test taker's score on one scale within a test to another scale within that same test
• Semantic Differential rating technique - measures an individual's unique, perceived meaning of an object, a word, or an individual, usually essay type, open ended format.
• Test tryout - test should be tried out on people who are similar in critical respects to the people for whom the test was designed.
• Pseudobulbar effect - neurological disorder characterized by frequent involuntary outburst of laughing or crying that may not be appropriate.
• Empirical criterion keying - approach to test Development that emphasizes the selection of items that discriminate between normal individuals and members of different diagnostic groups
• Item Analysis - statistical procedure used to analyze items
• Item Difficulty - defined by the number of people who get a particular item correct
• Item difficulty index - calculating the proportion of the total number of test takers who answered the item correctly
• Item Reliability index - provides an indication of the internal consistency of a test
• Item Validity Index - Designed to provide an indication of the degree to which a test measure what it purpots to measure
• Item -discrimination index - measure of the difference between the proportion of high score answering an item correctly and the proportion of low scorers answering the item correctly