Obtaining and using metals.

• What is the reactivity series?

  A series of metals (and some non-metals) arranged from most reactive to least reactive to show how reactive they are.
• What is MWHH?

  Metal + water --> Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen. (Less reactive metal would have metal oxide + Hydrogen as a product).
• Very reactive metals would react violently with water but low reactive metals would reactive slightly with cold water and moderately with steam.
• What is MASH?

  Metal + acid --> salt + Hydrogen (H+)
• What is OIL RIG?

  Oxidation is loss, Reduction is gain
• During a displacement reaction, the less reactive metal (the one that is replaced) gains electrons (reduces).
• During a displacement reaction, the more reactive metal (the one that replaces the less reactive metal) loses electrons (Oxidises).
• The more reactive the metal, the more violently it reacts with an acid (or water).

  
• most metals are extracted from ores found in the Earth’s crust.
• unreactive metals are found in the Earth’s crust as the uncombined elements.
• what is an ore?

  a rock that can be profitable if the compounds are harvested.
• What is the name of aluminum ore?

  Bauxite (aluminium oxide).
• Metals with a reactivity lower than carbon can be reduced by carbon (displaced by it).
• Metals with a higher reactivity than carbon must be extracted through Electrolysis.

  
• aluminum must be extracted through Electrolysis of molten aluminium oxide. However, it is very expensive to maintain the energy.
• What are the 2 alternative ways of extracting metals?

  Bioleaching: separating the metal from the ore.

  Phytoextraction: extraction of metal ions grown in plants.
• The lower a metal, the greater its oxidation resistance.
• Recycling is important as it reduces the cost of metal extraction and help preserve the environment and the amount of raw materials.
• life-cycle assessment for a product involves consideration of the effect on the environment of obtaining the raw materials, manufacturing the product, using the product, and disposing of the product when it is no longer useful.