Exam 1

• what is used to reduce magnesium levels?

  diuretics, sodium chloride, or lactated ringer solution
• what is the best way to help a patient raise their PaCO2 levels in a respiratory alkalosis state?

  breathing into a paper bag
• where is the thirst center located?

  The thirst center is located in the hypothalamus of the brain.
• what would you expect to see from a patient with hyponatremia?

  confusion, weakness, intracranial pressure, muscle twitching, coma, convulsions
• what indicates a state of respiratory acidosis?

  pH less than 7.35

  PACO2 over 40
• what indicates a state of metabolic acidosis?

  pH less than 7.35

  HCO3 less than 22
• what is a normal pH range?

  7.35-7.45
• what is a normal PaCO2 range?

  35-45 mmHg
• what is a normal HCO3 range?

  22-28 mEq/L
• what indicates a state of respiratory

  alkalosis?

  pH higher than 7.45

  PaCO2 less than 35
• what indicates metabolic alkalosis?

  pH more than 7.45

  HCO3 more than 28
• what system regulates plasma pH?

  bicarbonate carbonic acid buffer system
• what system regulates blood pressure?

  Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
• what system regulates homeostasis in the body?

  sodium potassium pump
• what system regulates water balance in the body?


  ADH-ANP buffer system
• what is the most common cause of hypomagnesium?

  alcoholism
• how do you calculate serum osmality?

  double the serum sodium
• what are major cations in body fluid?

  Sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium.
• what is an autograft?

  graft taken from one part of a persons body and used for another part of the same body
• what is an allograft?

  graft transferred from one person to another
• what is Mohs microscopic surgery?

  A surgical technique used to remove skin cancer layer by layer.
• why should emollient be applied immediately after a shower or bath?

  to prevent water evaporation from hydrated epidermis
• what is a fungal infection of the scalp?

  Tinea capitis
• what is fungal infections of the body?

  tinea corporis
• what is a fungal infection of the inner thighs and inguinal creases?


  tinea cruis
• what is a fungal infection of the foot?

  tinea pedis
• what is impetigo?

  honey yellow crusted lesions on red skin
• what is a priority action of a patient with TENS or Steven’s Johnson syndrome?

  frequently inspect the oral cavity
• what is most important in psoriasis treatment?

  gentle removal of scales
• what is the purpose of wet to damp dressings?

  to keep the wound moist
• what should the nurse monitor for when giving hypertension medication?

  postural hypotension
• what is amiloride?

  a potassium sparing diuretic
• what is the goal in a hypertensive emergency?

  to lower BP by 20-25% in the first hour
• what is a spironolactone?

  a potassium sparing diuretic
• what type of interventions are used for patients with prehypertension?

  nonpharmacologic
• what instructions do you provide for a patient taking their BP at home?

  avoid cigarettes or caffeine 30 min before, sit quietly for 5 min before, have forearm at heart level
• what is the best route of medication for antihypertensive agents?

  continuous iv infusion
• what is a papilledema?

  swelling of optic nerves
• what test confirms papilledema?

  opthalmic examination
• what are the servings on the DASH diet?

  2 or less servings of meat/fish

  2-3 servings of low fat or fat free foods

  4-5 servings of fruit and veggies

  7-8 servings of grain