A disease that can be transmitted from one person to another.
Pathogen?
A pathogen is a microorganism that causes disease
Four types of pathogen
bacteria, fungi, protists, viruses
How can pathogens spread?
air, direct contact, food or water, vectors like mosquitoes or ticks
How do bacteria make you feel ill?
they produce toxins that damage tissues
How do viruses make you feel ill?
reproduce rapidly inside cells, damaging or destroying them
name three viral diseases
COVID, measles, HIV
name three bacterial diseases
cholera, meningitis, salmonella
name three fungal diseases
rose black spot, ringworm, athletes foot
an example of a protist disease
is malaria, caused by protists that are transmitted by mosquitos
four methods to control the spread of communicable diseases
good hygiene (e.g. hand washing, use tissues), isolation, vaccination, controlling vectors (e.g. get rid of mosquitos)
virus
prepared from an inactivate or weakened form of the virus.
stimulates the body to produce antibodies against a specific virus. if the same virus enters the body, white blood cells quickly produce the correct antibodies
herd immunity
where most of the population is vaccinated so a virus can't spread
two ways in which HIV is spread
blood, sexual intercourse
how is the cold virus spread?
airborne (coughing and sneezing)
cold symptoms
sneezing, fever, runny nose
how is measles transmitted?
airborne (coughing and sneezing)
symptoms of measles?
fever, red skin rash
how is salmonella spread?
eating or drinking food with bacteria in it
how is rose black spot spread?
by water and wind
how is malaria spread?
mosquitoes feed on blood of infected people and takes in protist pathogen.protist lives inside mosquito. mosquito passes protist pathogen on when it feeds on the next person.
How does a virus spread in the body?
virus infects a host cell (through blood / body opening)
• virus replicates itself many times
• this causes the host cell to burst, releasing the many copies of the virus