Unit 1

• The 5 steps of Geographic inquiry are: 1. Formulate Questions, 2. Gather and Organize, 3. Interpret and Analyze, 4. Evaluate and draw Conclusions, and 5. Communication
• Primary Sources are maps, photos, satellite images, letters, or journals. Secondary Sources are documentaries, news, books, or websites
• Mental maps are maps that exist in our minds
• Road maps are maps that provide a variety of details such as roads, water bodies, parks, towns, and cities
• Thematic Maps are maps that provide information about one particular detail. e.g, vegetation, average household income, population
• Topographic maps are maps that provide detailed information necessary for navigation/orientation.
• The difference between them is that Absolute Location is shown by an address or coordinates and Relative Location is shown where something is in relation to something else
• The difference between them is that Physical Characteristics describes things like mountains, valleys, or sandy beaches and Human Characteristics describes population density, religion, culture, human made structures, etc...
• There are 16 compass points on a Compass Rose
• Ordinal Points are NE, SE, SW, NW. They are sub-major
• Sub-Ordinal points are NNE, ENE, ESE, SSE, SSW WSW, WNW, and NNW. They are all minor
• When reading bearings, you always read them in a clockwise direction from 0 to 360 (N)
• All directions on the east side of the compass rose have a bearing between 0 and 180
• All directions on the west side of the compass rose have a bearing between 180 and 360
• Latitude and Longitude are both sets of imaginary lines that are numbered in degrees and drawn in a grid pattern on small-scale maps to locate points on the Earth's surface. Latitude is always written first
• Sir Sanford Fleming split 24 time zones in the world
• The 6 time zones in Canada are Pacific, Mountain, Central, Eastern, Atlantic, and Newfoundland time. (Pink Monkeys Cant Eat Any Nachos)
• A large scale (zoomed in) shows a large amount of detail of a small area and a small scale (zoomed out) shows a small amount of detail of a large area
• 1. The Direct Scale uses words to describe the relationship between a distance on a map and a specific distance on the Earth's surface. (e.g. 1 cm to 15 km).
  2. The Line/Linear Scale acts as a ruler that is divided into units of distance.
  3. The RF (representative fraction) Scale is a scale on a map given as a ratio of distance on the ground (e.g. 1 : 50,000) > (1 unit = 50k of the same unit).
• GIS stands for Geographic Information Systems
• The GIS can analyze data in the Database view, the Map view, and the Model view
• The Landsat satellite images were created by Americans.

  The SPOT satellite images were created by Europeans.

  The RADARSAT satellite images were created by Canadians.