Nineteenth Century

Cards (15)

  • Society in the Victorian age -> Victorianism
    · Religion vs. Science
    · strict morality
    · racial segregation
    · rise of the working class
  • Society in the Victorian age
    · patriarchy, gender roles (especially in upper & middle class)
    . Queen Victoria (1837-1901)
    strong ties with Germany (Hanoverian)
    · 1851: the Great Exhibition: (shows items of colonies)-> propaganda
  • Three main aspects of the industrial Revolution
    3 dominant sectors:
    textiles · Iron · Coal
  • · Britain as 'Workshop of the World'
    ↳ dominated the world's economy -> deindustrialised other regions (eg. India, China)
  • Urbanisation -> people moved from the countryside to the city to work at factories
    ↳ quick growth of cities (Manchester, Birmingham, Glasgow)as industrial centres
    Overpopulation in cities - establishment of slums, rapid spread of disease, ...
    • Industrialisation:
    • Factories were built
    • Invention of the Steam Engine, Spinning Jenny,
    • Railway -> Suburbanisation (second half of the century)
    • Ireland:
    • Great Famine: many people did from starvation - migration to US and Britain
  • Criticism:
    • Pollution
    • Poverty
    o Marx and Engels: against capitalism - Communist manifesto
    • Handwork (India, China) wasn't appreciated anymore o establishment of slams
    • rapid spread of disease
    • second half of the century: wages got higher, living standards increased - less likely revolt
  • 1832: The first Reform Act
    • Cities grew fast - still no representation of majority of population in Parliament 
    • Changing of the boroughs that could vote because of imbalanced distribution caused by demographic changes - enlarged the electorate
  • 1867/1884: The Second and third Reform Act 
    • Increased the electorate again by including working class
    • Still no right to vote for women
  • 1870: Education Act 
    • Providing schools in all areas
    • 1880: attendance at school was made compulsory
  • 3. Provide an overview of major developments of the British Empire in the Victorian period
    • 1788: Australia was added to the British Empire, royal navy introduced 
    • 1814/15: Peace of Paris (Britain got Colonies from France)
    • China (Britain got economic power over Hong Kong)
    • Ottoman Empire: dominant force in Mediterranean areas
    • Scramble for Africa: Britain received colonies in Africa
  • The Second British EmpireStrategies of British Rule:
    • Settler Colonies (Britain gave rights to colonies -> Canada and Australia)
    • India (money source, East India Company, Indian mutiny/Rebellion 1857, India Act 1858 -> British rule over India)
    • • Africa (no official ruler, scramble for Africa, Berlin Conference -› partition of Africa, exploitation of south Africa because of golds and diamonds)
    • Political risk of all empires: British Lords could make pacts with the locals (unloyalty)
    • Racial segregation: no mixing between British and local communities -+ Racial propaganda, "white" = superior
  • When did queen Victoria reign?
    1837-1901