Chem Lab

• Elasticity is the ability of a material to regain its original shape after removal of load.
• Plasticity is the ability of a material to retain the deformation (permanent).
• Strength is the ability of a material to resist load (external applied force).
• Tensile strength is the ability of a material to resist pulling forces.
• Compressive strength is the ability of a material to resist crushing forces.
• Shear strength is the ability of a material to resist shear load.
• Torsional strength is the ability of a material to resist twisting load.
• Ductility is the ability of a material to be drawn into wire by the application of a tensile forces.
• Brittleness is the ability of a material to break without any appreciable deformation; the opposite to ductility.
• Detection of water in a Hydrate involves placing 0.50 g of blue vitriol in an evaporating dish and heating it slowly, noting any change in color and cooling it, then adding 5 drops of water and observing any color change.
• Diffusion involves filling a beaker with 200mL water, adding a drop of food color and making observations.
• The procedure for Hydrolysis involves boiling 25 mL of water in a small beaker, adding 5 mL ferric chloride solution and making observations.
• Purification of Water involves placing 5mL of turbid water into two Erlenmeyer flasks, adding 10 mL of alum solution into one flask, and filtering the solution.
• Distillation involves setting up a laboratory distillation apparatus, examining the parts and taking note of their functions, and heating colored water in a distilling flask.
• Malleability is the ability of a material to be hammered, pressed, or rolled (compressive forces) into thin sheets without breaking.
• Stiffness is the ability of a material to resist deformation.
• Toughness is the ability of a material to absorb energy before fracture.
• Resilience is the ability of a material to absorb energy and to resist shock and impact loads.
• Creep is the ability of a material to deform continuously under a steady load, slow and permanent deformation under steady load.
• Fatigue is the failure of a material cause by cyclic or repeated loading.
• Hardness is the ability of a material to resist abrasion, indentation, and scratching by a hard material.
• Machinability is the ability of a material to be machined; cut and formed into different shapes.
• Test tube and test tube rack, beakers (different sizes), evaporation dish, test tube holder, graduated cylinder, funnel, string rod, crucible tong, Erlenmeyer flask, adapter, condenser, distilling flask, thermometer, test tube clamp, wire gauze, iron ring, iron stand, Bunsen burner, clay flame shield, wire gauze, and iron ring are the materials used in the distillation set-up.
• Piece of copper, litmus papers, filter paper, ink/color, blue vitriol/ cupric sulfate pentahydrate, Glauber’s salt/ sodium sulfate decahydrate, anhydrous calcium chloride, barium chloride, potassium chromate, starch, detergent solution, ammonium hydroxide solution, lime water, ferric chloride solution, concentrated nitric acid solution, colored water, sodium carbonate solution, turbid water, alum solution, standardized soap solution are the materials used in the distillation set-up.
• Efflorescence and Deliquescence involves placing a small amount of Glauber’s salt and anhydrous calcium chloride in a watch glass.