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Human Phys. Lecture
Exam 1 Material
Exam 1 Kahoot Questions
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What is true of Integrins?
Send
relay
signals between the cell and the
ECM.
Help with
adhesion.
Impart
polarity
to the cell.
Which can typically cross a semipermeable membrane?
-Carbon Dioxide
-Oxygen
-Steroid Hormones
-Thyroid Hormone
Why are cells in body organs generally within 100 um of a blood capillary?
To decrease mean
diffusion
time
Cardiac muscle tissue is joined together by _ _ ?
Intercalated Discs
T/F: Skeletal muscle tissue has 1 nucleus per cell?
False
_ are transmembrane proteins that connect the cytoskeleton to the ECM when activated.
Integrins
Channels present in the membranes of some cells that allow rapid movement of water are called _.
Aquaporins
Which has a direct requirement for ATP in order to function properly?
Primary Active Transport
Which glucose carrier is activated by insulin or exercise?
GLUT 4
Transport across epithelial membrane is limited by __.
Junctional Complexes
The cell membrane is most permeable to which ion?
K+
Which glucose carrier is found in the pancreatic beta cells as well as the hepatocytes of the liver?
GLUT 2
Mannitol is sometimes given
intravenously
because it is
hypertonic
to your cells. When would you give someone mannitol?
To reduce a cerebral
edema
(swelling due to excess
fluid
)
__ connect the two cytoplasms of adjacent cells together and allow ions and regulatory molecules to pass through.
Gap Junctions
_ signaling involves neurons secreting neurotransmitters across a synapse to target cells.
Synaptic
_ is the ion which contributes most to the resting potential of the cell membrane.
K+
Generally the intracellular compartment is _ charged, while the extracellular compartment is _ charged.
negatively
,
positively
Large molecules exit cells via a mechanism of bulk transport called _.
Exocytosis
Name an important secondary messenger.
cAMP
,
G Protein
G proteins are composed of how many protein subunits?
3
_ signaling involves glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream.
Endocrine
_
signaling
is when cells within an organ secrete molecules that diffuse across the
extracellular
space to target cells.
Paracrine
T/F: The peripheral nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord?
False
Action potentials are generated at the _ _.
Axon Hillock
_ transport involves moving from the cell body to the axon.
Anterograde
T/F: Most brain tumors in adults are due to uncontrolled cell division of neurons.
False
_
transport
involves moving from the axon to the cell body.
Retrograde
What phase of a clinical trial is concerned with testing other potential uses of a drug?
Phase
4
which phase of a clinical trial involves testing the drug solely on healthy humans?
Phase
1
Which scientist is known for coining the term homeostasis?
Cannon
Jane is a diabetic with dementia who is chosen for a drug trial for a new type of insulin pump. This would be Phase _?
3
_ regulatory mechanisms are located within the organs themselves?
Intrinsic
The endocrine system works by secreting chemical regulators known as _ into the blood.
Hormones
The nervous system works by secreting _ into the synapse.
Neurotransmitters
What type of muscle tissue is typically found attached to tendons and functions in support as well as movement?
Skeletal
Muscle
What part of the neuron typically receives input from receptor cells or other neurons?
Dendrites
What type of muscle tissue is typically found lining the walls of the digestive tract?
Smooth
Muscle
T/F: When vascular smooth muscle surrounding a blood vessel contracts, you get more flood flow to that region?
False
A drug cannot enter Phase _ of a clinical trial until you have FDA approval?
4
What scientist described how the
autonomic
nervous system functions?
Langley
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