logical fallacy P2

• Ad homonym fallacy: The ad homonym fallacy happens when someone attempts to discredit someone's argument with personal attacks rather than the substance of the argument itself.
• Hasty generalization, also known as the overgeneralization fallacy, happens when making a claim based on evidence that is just too small.
• Red herring fallacy: A red herring is something that misleads or distracts from a relevant or important question it might be used to change the subject.
• To quo fallacy: To quo is a technique that tends to discredit the opponent's argument by attacking the opponent's own personal behavior and actions as being inconsistent with their argument therefore accusing hypocrisy instead of countering the actual argument.
• Slippery slope fallacy: In a slippery slope argument, a course of action is rejected because with little or no evidence one insists that it will lead to a chain reaction resulting in an undesirable end or ends.
• Special pleading fallacy: Special pleading happens when applying standards, principles, or rules to other people or circumstances while making oneself or certain circumstances exempt from the same critical criteria without providing adequate justification.
• Loaded question: A loaded question is a question that already contains an assumption.
• False dilemma fallacy: The false dilemma fallacy, also called the black and white fallacy, occurs when someone misrepresents an issue by offering only two options when more exist or by presenting the options as mutually exclusive when they are not.
• Stamman fallacy: A stamman fallacy happens when one rebuts an argument by misconstruing it.
• Circular reasoning: The circular reasoning fallacy is an argument that assumes the very thing it is trying to prove is true instead of offering evidence it simply repeats the conclusion rendering the argument logically incoherent.
• Appeal to Authority fallacy: It is a form of argument in which the mere fact that an influential figure holds a certain position is used as evidence that the position itself is correct.
• Appeal to Nature fallacy: It's an argument in which it is proposed that a thing is good because it is natural or bad because it is unnatural.
• Composition fallacy: It arises when one infers that something is true of the whole from the fact that it is true of some part of the whole.
• Division fallacy: The division fallacy occurs when one reasons that something that is true for a whole must also be true for all or some of its parts.
• Affirming the consequent: Affirming the consequent is the fallacy of taking a true conditional statement such as if the lamp were broken then the room would be dark under certain assumptions like it is nighttime and the windows are closed and invalidly inferring its Converse the room is dark so the lamp must be broken.
• Anecdotal fallacy: The anecdotal fallacy occurs when people use their limited personal experience to draw sweeping conclusions about a given topic.
• Appeal to emotion fallacy: It's a technique characterized by the manipulation of the other person's emotions in order to win an argument especially in the absence of factual evidence.
• Genetic fallacy is the act of rejecting or accepting an argument solely on the basis of its origin rather than its content.
• Appeal to tradition happens when we ignore the evidence that we should change because we have been doing something for a long time.
• Personal incredulity fallacy is committed when the arguer presumes that whatever is true must be easy to understand or to imagine.
• False cause fallacy occurs when someone incorrectly assumes that something causes something else without enough proof, usually using just a correlation as proof.
• Correlative reasoning is the attempt to redefine one of two mutually exclusive options so that one alternative encompasses the other, thus making one alternative impossible.
• Ludic fallacy is a term used to describe how people mistake the kind of uncertainty found in games for the kind of uncertainty found in real life.
• Eological fallacy is the faulty argument that the true meaning of a word is its oldest or original meaning.
• Affirming a disjunct fallacy occurs when given an either or scenario, you wrongly assume that if one statement or outcome is true the other one cannot be true.
• Incomplete comparison is a misleading argument popular in advertising since the assertion is incomplete it cannot be refuted.
• Definest fallacy happens when one defines a term in such a way that makes one's position much easier to defend.
• Equivocation fallacy refers to the use of an ambiguous word or phrase in more than one sense within the same argument.
• Historians fallacy occurs when one assumes that decision makers in the past viewed events from the same perspective and had the same information as those subsequently analyzing the decision.
• Faulty analogy is saying that two things are alike in other ways just because they are alike in one way.
• Appeal to ignorance happens when someone asserts that a proposition is true because it has not yet been proven false or that a proposition is false because it has not yet been proven true.
• Sunk cost fallacy is our tendency to continue with something we've invested money, effort or time into even if the current costs outweigh the benefits.
• Continuum fallacy is the argument that two states are conditions cannot be considered distinct or do not exist at all because between them there exists a Continuum of States.
• Ecological fallacy assumes what is true for a population is true for the individual members of that population.
• False equivalence is a fallacy in which an equivalence is drawn between two subjects based on flawed or false reasoning.
• Quoting out of context is a fallacy in which a passage from a quote is removed from its surrounding matter in such a way as to distort its intended meaning.
• Moralistic fallacy is making statements about what is on the basis of claims about what ought to be.
• Psychologists fallacy: it's a fallacy that occurs when an observer assumes that his or her subjective experience reflects the true nature of an event.
• Inflation of conflict is the error of exaggerating the amount of disagreement in a field in order to invalidate claims in that field.
• Appeal to accomplishment: it happens when an assert is deemed true or false based on the accomplishments of the proposer.