aerobic

• The overall formula for cellular respiration is: C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O.
• Aerobic respiration is different from anaerobic respiration in that it involves the use of oxygen, while anaerobic respiration does not.
• Aerobic respiration consists of three processes: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.
• Glycolysis starts with the breakdown of glucose and ends with the formation of pyruvate, and it yields ATP molecules in the process.
• During glycolysis, each glucose molecule is broken down into two pyruvate molecules.
• The total number of molecular products in glycolysis is 2 molecules of ATP, 2 molecules of NADH, and 2 molecules of pyruvate.
• Pyruvate is oxidized during the transition reaction to form the acetyl-CoA.
• The process of glycolysis involves various chemical reactions such as reduction, oxidation, isomerization, cleavage, and phosphorylation.
• Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP are the products of cellular respiration.
• Cristae are folds of the inner membrane which increase the surface area for ATP production.
• Cellular respiration is a catabolic pathway that uses glucose molecules to produce energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
• The matrix is where ATP synthesis and Krebs cycle happen.
• Anaerobic respiration is the process of producing energy without the presence of oxygen.
• Glucose and oxygen are the reactants while carbon dioxide and water are the products of cellular respiration.
• Mitochondria is responsible for holding the protons that are pumped out of the matrix.
• Reactants in cellular respiration are the molecules that initiate the process.
• Products in cellular respiration are the molecules that are produced during and after the process.
• Mitochondria has four main parts: outer membrane, inner membrane and cristae, intermembrane space, matrix.
• Aerobic respiration is the process of producing energy involving oxygen.
• The major processes involved in cellular respiration are glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, and chemiosmosis.
• The inner membrane contains the proteins involved in the electron transport chain as well as the ATP synthase.
• Dieticians advise people who want to lose weight to lessen their sugar intake because sugar is a major source of energy and excessive sugar intake can lead to weight gain.
• Krebs cycle starts with the reaction of oxaloacetate to acetyl-CoA.
• Glucose and oxygen are the reactants in cellular respiration.
• Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain and chemiosmosis are the four stages of cellular respiration.
• Krebs cycle and electron transport chain happen in the mitochondria of the cell.
• Citric acid is the first product of the Krebs cycle, which forms from the reaction between acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate.
• The acetate molecule reacts with a sulfur-containing compound called coenzyme A during the transition reaction.
• The Krebs cycle is a series of oxidation of molecules, resulting in the formation of NADH, FADH2, and GTP, as well as the release of CO2.
• The electrons released from the oxidation of a two-carbon molecule are transferred to NAD+, which then becomes NADH.
• The final product of the transition reaction is acetyl-CoA, which can now enter the Krebs cycle.
• NADH and FADH2 are oxidized to release electrons into the protein complexes, causing the pumping of hydrogen ions from the matrix to the intermembrane space.
• The overall reaction for the Krebs cycle is:
• 2 pyruvate + 2 coenzyme A + 2 NAD+ → 2 acetyl CoA + 2 CO2 + 2 NADH.
• The parts of mitochondria include the outer membrane, inner membrane and cristae, intermembrane space, matrix, and ATP synthase.
• The total ATP yield from the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis is 34 ATP molecules.
• Pyruvate, a three-carbon molecule, cannot immediately enter the Krebs cycle and must first undergo oxidation to become another molecule that can enter the Krebs cycle.
• Glucose undergoes glycolysis but not Krebs cycle, ETC, and chemiosmosis, instead, pyruvate undergoes fermentation.
• Anaerobic respiration is common in microorganisms compared to larger organisms due to the smaller size of their mitochondria.
• The carboxyl group (COO−) in pyruvate is removed and released as carbon dioxide (CO2) during a process called decarboxylation.