Photosynthesis.

• The light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes, while the Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma.
• Learners are expected to accomplish the learning objectives, encouraged to analyze problems critically, and be able to relate the lesson to real-life scenarios.
• The role of ATP and the importance of plant pigments are topics discussed in General Biology 1 / Grade 11 Quarter 2 Week 12.
• The lesson on ATP and coupled reaction processes includes understanding the role of ATP in energy coupling and transfer, and the importance of chlorophyll and other pigments in the process of food production.
• The learning material for the lesson on ATP and coupled reaction processes includes activities and illustrations designed to provide thorough understanding of the lesson and to stimulate cognitive skills among learners.
• The learning competencies for the lesson on ATP and coupled reaction processes include explaining coupled reaction processes and the role of ATP in energy coupling and transfer, and explaining the importance of chlorophyll and other pigments.
• Chemical energy is stored in ATP, which is used in energy coupling and transfer.
• Pigments are responsible for initiating photosynthesis.
• Coupled reactions are a type of chemical reaction where the products act as reactants, continuing the reaction.
• Campbell, Neil A., Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Cain, Michael L., Wasserman, Steven A., Minorsky, Peter V., and Jackson, Robert B.
• Biology, 8th Edition, Pearson Education, Inc., San Francisco, 2008, chapter 8.1: energy and life.
• The objectives of the lesson on ATP and coupled reaction processes include explaining coupled reaction processes and the role of ATP in energy coupling and transfer, and understanding the importance of chlorophyll and other pigments in the process of food production.
• The discussion for the lesson on ATP and coupled reaction processes includes understanding the role of ATP in energy coupling and transfer, and the importance of chlorophyll and other pigments in the process of food production.
• Energy is essential to life and all living things must be able to produce energy, store energy for future use, and use energy to carry out life processes.
• In everyday life, energy is important because it can be used to do work such as eating, walking, running, talking, and thinking or simply turning the pages of this learning material.
• Some cellular activities that require energy are active transport, protein synthesis, and cell division.
• Energy can exist or be stored in many forms such as light, heat, electricity, and chemical bonds in chemical compounds.
• The pre-activity given to you is an analogy of the lesson that we are about to tackle today.
• ATP is an organic molecule used for short-term energy storage and transport in the cell.
• The remaining free phosphate group and low-energy molecule is called adenosine diphosphate (ADP).
• In the coupled reaction, a phosphate group is transferred from ATP to glucose, forming a phosphorylated glucose intermediate (glucose-P).
• Exergonic reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy.
• Energy coupling is the transfer of energy from one chemical reaction to another.
• The three phosphate groups in an ATP molecule are in an unstable arrangement due to their negative charge.
• When ADP binds with another phosphate group, energy is stored and ATP is formed.
• The glucose-P intermediate reacts with fructose to form sucrose.
• Endergonic reaction absorbs free energy from its surroundings.
• ATP regeneration reaction is the reverse of hydrolysis reaction.
• ATP (charged battery) has energy that can be used to power cellular processes or reactions.
• One example of energy coupling involving ATP is the formation of sucrose (table sugar) from glucose and fructose.
• An energetically favorable reaction (exergonic, e.g., ATP hydrolysis) is directly linked with an energetically unfavorable reaction (endergonic, e.g., ATP regeneration) through energy coupling.
• ATP is composed of a nitrogenous base (adenine), a sugar (ribose), and three phosphate groups (triphosphate).
• ATP and ADP are like charged and uncharged forms of a rechargeable battery.
• When ATP is broken down, energy is released and ADP is formed.
• P stands for an inorganic phosphate group.
• Once the energy is used up, ADP (uncharged battery/dead battery) needs to be recharged in order to be used as a power source.
• Glucose-P is relatively unstable, this reaction also releases energy and is spontaneous.
• In the uncoupled reaction, glucose and fructose combine to form sucrose.
• The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP is reversible.
• Through energy coupling, the cell can perform nearly all of the tasks it needs to function.