Intelligence

• Intelligence is a multifaceted capacity that manifests itself in different ways across the lifespan.
• The Binet-Simon Scale, defined by Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon, is a scale for intelligence based on IQ, which is the ratio of mental age to chronological age with 100 as the average.
• Spearman’s Two-Factor Theory of Intelligence identifies General Intelligence (g), a factor that Spearman and others believed underlies specific mental abilities, as measured by every task on an intelligence test.
• The performance of any intellectual act requires a combination of “g factor” available to the same individual to the same degree for all intellectual acts and “s factor” which are specific to that act.
• Terman’s Stanford Binet Individual Intelligence Test is considered as the best available individual test of intelligence.
• Thorndike’s Simple Response Theory, published in 1920, is a theory that draws an important distinction among three broad classes of intellectual functioning: intelligence test, mechanical intelligence, and social intelligence.
• L.L. Thurstone’s Multiple Factors of Intelligence identified seven primary mental abilities: verbal comprehension, word fluency, number facility, spatial visualization, associative memory, perceptual speed, and reasoning.
• Factor Analysis is a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test.
• Raymond C. Cavell’s Theory on Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence identifies Fluid Intelligence as essentially non-verbal which involves adaptive and new learning capabilities, related to mental operations and processes on capacity, decay, selection, and storage of information.
• Dimension of Self Concept - Form H: College is a type of Structured Personalty Test.
• Self Esteem Index is a type of Structured Personalty Test.
• Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2 is a type of Structured Personalty Test.
• Basic Personality Inventory is another type of Structured Personalty Test.
• Panukat ng Ugaling at pagkatao ng Pilipino is a type of Structured Personalty Test.
• Tennessee Self Concept Scale is a type of Structured Personalty Test.
• Differential Ability Test IV is a type of Structured Personalty Test.
• California Psychological Inventory is another type of Structured Personalty Test.
• 16 Personality Factors is another type of Structured Personalty Test.
• Bender Gestalt Visual Motor Test is a type of Structured Personalty Test.
• Crystallized Intelligence is the accumulation of information, skills, and strategies that people have learned through experience.
• A person uses his or her naturalist intelligence in the way they relate to the environment.
• The first intelligence test were developed by the French Psychologist Alfred Binet.
• Teachers, social workers, doctors, nurses, counselors, priests, nuns, politicians are examples of professions that use intrapersonal intelligence, also known as self-smart, which is the ability to gain access to and understand one’s inner feelings, dreams, and ideas.
• Tests of intelligence may vary because of factors related to the measurement process, such as the test author’s definition of intelligence, the diligence of the examiner, the amount of feedback the examiner gives the examinee, the amount of previous practice or coaching the examinee has had, and the competence of the person interpreting the test data.
• Alfred Binet, the French Psychologist who developed the first intelligence tests, had conceived of the study of intelligence as being synonymous with the study of personality.
• Naturalist intelligence, also known as nature-smart, is the ability to identify and classify patterns in nature.
• Down Syndrome is a retardation and associated physical disorders caused by an extra chromosome in one’s genetic makeup.
• Genetic influence is the most genealogically similar people have the most similar scores.
• David Wechsler (1958) also believed that all tests of intelligence measure traits of personality, such as drive, energy level, impulsiveness, persistence, and goal awareness.
• The Flynn Effect, discovered by James R. Flynn, of the Department of Political Studies at the University of Otago in New Zealand, found that measured intelligence seems to rise on average, year by year, starting with the year that the test is normed.
• Stanford-Binet is a widely used American revision of Binet’s original intelligence test, revised by Terment at Stanford University.
• Heritability is the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes.
• Naturalist intelligence is measured by the Intelligence Test, a method of assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them to those of others, using numerical scores.
• People who love the outdoors, animals, field trips are examples of students who have naturalist intelligence.
• Stereotype Threat is a self-conforming concern that one will be evaluated on a negative stereotype.
• People with intrapersonal intelligence are often more reserved but are actually quite intuitive about what they learn and how it relates to themselves.
• Environmental influences include the schooling effect and group differences.
• Mental retardation is a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score below 70, which produces difficulty in adapting to the demands of life.
• Interpersonal Intelligence (People Smart) is the ability to understand and get along with others.
• Experiential Learning emphasizes insight and ability to formulate new ideas and combine seemingly unrelated facts or information.