History Y9

• Democracy – a system of government by the whole population or elected representative, principles of social equality
• Socialism – political ideology based in shared ownership and equality.​

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• Treaty of Versailles – peace treaty signed after WW1 to resolve how Germany would be treated.​
• Nationalism –political ideology based on love and loyalty for your country and all its actions.​
• Fascism – authoritarian and dictatorial form of government associated with the right wing.
• Proportional representation– form of voting in which seats are assigned based on the proportion of votes won. ​
• Wall Street Crash – economic disaster which prompted a world wide depression. ​
• What year was the Treaty of Versailles signed?

  1919
• • Before 1914 there were only 3 republics in Europe.​
• • Almost no European countries gave the vote to all their citizens.​
• • Russia, Germany and Austria-Hungary were ruled by autocratic emperors and kings. ​
• The treaty was imposed upon Germany, it had no ability to negotiate and the leaders of the new democratic government were forced to sign a treaty that imposed harsh terms on Germany.
• What was the type of government in Germany that was overthrown by Nationalists?

  Socialists
• What was the name of the government in Germany that was overthrown by nationalists?

  Weimar Republic
• In Italy who captured the city of Fiume and undermined the socialist goverment?

  Gabriele D'Annunzio
• Weimar Republic 1919-1933
• • Many democracies were set up with the most representative democracy possible in mind. ​
• • Proportional representation created problems as it give a voice to marginal parties and demonstrated the deep political divides that had developed. ​
• • Both Germany and Italy were unable to form majority governments and so the government changed frequently. ​
• • As they didn’t have enough support to pass resolutions and changed frequently, governments struggled to make changes and deal with problems.​
• • The Russian revolution in October 1917 created a deep fear across Europe that further revolutions could occur. ​
• • Communist and Socialist groups gained support in most European countries. Incidents in Italy and Germany pushed the middle classes to support parties who appeared to be prepared to actively oppose communists. ​
• The KPD (the German Communist Party) gained votes through the 1920’s and 30s. 
• The Nazi Party and the Fascist party had armed sections (the SA in Germany and the Squadrismo in Italy) who attacked communist groups.
• • In 1929 the Wall Street Crash sent countries across the world into depression. America recalled the money that had lent the Germans plunging them into deeper financial crisis. ​
• Nationalist parties also proposed big solutions to the economic crisis, increasing their support.