Living things are made up of organic molecules

• Living things are made up of organic molecules which contain nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.
• Triglycerides are formed by a reaction among three fatty acid molecules and one glycerol.
• Lipids are insoluble molecules made of C, H, and O.
• Phospholipids have hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads.
• Enzymes are a type of protein, which function to speed up chemical reactions.
• Carbohydrates include glycogen and cellulose.
• Lipids store long-term energy, protect vital organs, form cell membranes, and are subdivided into triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids.
• Polysaccharides are many monosaccharides joined together, store energy or provide structure, for example, starch.
• Polymers are long chains made of repeating units called monomers, symbolized as 'poly' and 'mono'.
• The four levels of protein structure are: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.
• The four basic classes of organic molecules are: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids.
• Enzymes are proteins that have a general function and are responsible for catalyzing chemical reactions.
• Carbohydrates supply energy to cells, are made up of C, H, and O, and their smallest unit is monosaccharides, for example, glucose.
• Biological macromolecules are the giant molecules of life.
• Disaccharides are two monosaccharides covalently bound to each other, for example, sucrose.
• Properties of water are cohesive, high melting point, high boiling point, and high heat of vaporization
• Water cohesive means water molecules stick together ( called stickiness )
• Lipids do not have monomers
• Saturated fats are solid at room temperature and contain one bond
• Unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature and contain one or more double bonds between the carbon atoms.
• The functions of proteins are structural, transport, movement and chemical reactions