Genome projects

• what is a genome?

  all DNA in a cell
• why is it easier to use the techniques on bacteria?

  have no introns
• what is a DNA probe?

  peice of cDNA with a complementary base sequence to target gene
• What is recombinant DNA?

  When DNA is transferred from one organism to another
• what are 3 ways to produce DNA fragment?

  reverse transcriptase, restriction endonuclease, gene machine
• what is restriction endonuclease?

  cut at palindromic sequences leaving sticky ends
• what is reverse transcriptase method?

  mRNA to DNA
• what is the gene machine method?

  oligonucleotides (20 bases long) are printed, join together to make sequence
• How to amplify DNA fragments In vitro?

  mix sample with nucleotides primers and DNA polymerase, heat to 95c to break h bonds, cool to 55c to allow primers to bind, heat to 72c so free nucleotides bind to complementary sequences
• How to amplify DNA fragments IN vivo?

  restriction endonuclease cut plasmid leaving sticky end, DNA fragments inserted into vector, Vector replicates duplicating DNA fragments
• what are some uses for recombinant DNA?

  Genetic engineering, medical research
• What is Gene therapy?

  altering defective genes to treat genetic disorders
• what is somatic gene therapy?

  altering alles in body cells most affected
• what is germ line therapy?

  altering alleles in sex cells so offspring don't suffer, illegal and unethical
• descibe electropherisis?

  pcr to produce more fragments, add marker, place on gel slab and pass current through, smaller fragments move faster + further
• uses of elctropherisis?

  paternity tests, forensics, medicine, extintion projects (prevent interbreeding)