The Age of Jefferson

• Gibbons v. Ogden


  (1824): suit over whether New York State could grant a monopoly to a ferry operating on interstate waters. The ruling reasserted that Congress had the sole power to regulate interstate commerce.
• Cohens v. Virginia


  (1821) Case that reinforced federal supremacy by establishing the right of the Supreme Court to review decisions of state supreme courts in questions involving the powers of the federal government.
• Dartmouth v. Woodward


  (1819): Supreme Court case that sustained Dartmouth University's original charter against changes proposed by the New Hampshire state legislature, thereby protecting corporations from domination by state governments
• Fletcher v. Peck


  (1810) Established firmer protection for private property and asserted the right of the Supreme Court to invalidate state laws in conflict with the federal Constitution.
• McCulloch v. Maryland


  Supreme Court case that strengthened federal authority and upheld the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States by establishing that the State of Maryland did not have power to tax the bank.
• Russo-American Treaty 1824


  Fixed the line of 54.40' as the southernmost boundary of Russian holdings in North America
• John Quincy Adams


  American statesmanpolitician, diplomatlawyer6th president8th US secretaryheaded the commission that negotiated the Treaty of Ghent in 1814 ended the War of 1812 with Great Britain
• Monroe Doctrine


  Statement delivered by President James Monroe, warning European powers to refrain from seeking any new territories in the Americas. The United States largely lacked the power to back up the pronouncement, which was actually enforced by the British, who sought unfettered access to Latin American markets.
• Florida Purchase Treaty 1819


  (aka Adams-Onis treaty) Under the agreement. Spain delivered Floride to the US in exchange and abandoned its claims to Texas.
• Missouri Compromise 1820


  Allowed Missouri to enter as a slave state but preserved the balance between North and South by carving free-soil Maine out of Massachusetts and prohibiting slavery from territories acquired in the Louisiana Purchase, north of line 36.30.
• Panic of 1819


  The severe financial crisis was brought on primarily by the efforts of the Bank of the United States to curb speculation on western lands. It disproportionately affected the poorer classes, especially in the West, sowing the seeds of Jacksonian Democracy.
• Era of Good Feelings (1816-1824)


  Popular name for the period of one-party, Republican, rule during James Monroe's presidency. The term obscures bitter conflicts over internal improvements, slavery, and the national bank.
• Tariff of 1819


  first protective tariff in America history created primarily to shield New England manufacturers from inflow of British goods after the War of 1812
• Henry Clay


  -Distinguished senator from Kentucky, who ran for president five times until he died in 1852.

  -He was a strong supporter of the American System-War Hawk for the War of 1812

  -7th Speaker of the House of Representatives-known as "The Great Compromiser." Outlined the Compromise of 1850 with five main points. Died before it was passedResponsible for the Missouri Compromise
• American System

  Henry Clay's three-pronged system to promote American industry. Clay advocated a strong banking system, a protective tariff, and a federally funded transportation network.
• Rush-Bagot Agreement

  Signed by Britain and US establish limits on naval arms in Great Lakes first step in full disarm of the US canadian border completed in 1870
• Treaty of Ghent 1815


  Ended the War of 1812 in a virtual draw, restoring prewar borders but failing to address any of the grievances that first brought America into the war.
• Hartford Convention (1814-1815)


  Convention of Federalists from five New England states who opposed the War of 1812 and resented the strength of Southern and Western interests in Congress and in the White House.
• Battle of New Orleans


  January 1815 loud victory of american forces against British, restoring American confidence and fueling outpouring of nationalism, final battle of the war in 1812
• Andrew Jackson


  -American lawyer

  -planter

  -general

  -statesman

  -the seventh president gained frame as general in the US Army

  -served in both houses of the US Congress
• Macon's Bill No. 2


  Aimed at resuming peaceful trade with Britain and France and act stipulated that if either Britain or France repealed its trade restrictions the US would reinstate the embargo against non-repealing union when Napoleon offered to lift restrictions on British ports US was forced to declare embargo on Britain pushing two nations closer towards war
• Non-Intercourse Act of 1809


  Passed alongside the cancellation of the embargo act reopened trade with all but two aggressive nations Britain and France act continued Jeffs's policy of economic constraint with little effect
• War of 1812 (1812-1815)


  Between US and Great Britain:Over issues of trade and impressment ended in draw showed american american willingness to defend its interests militarily earning young nations newfound respect from European powers
• war hawks(1811-1812)


  Democratic-Republican Congressmen who pressed James Madison to declare war on Britain; largely drawn from the South and West, the war hawks resented British constraints on American trade and accused the British of supporting Indian attacks against American settlements on the frontier
• Tecumsen

  -Shawnee chief

  -Warrior promoted resistance to the expansion of the US onto Native American lands

  -(Supported the British)
• Chesapeake Affair (1807)


  The conflict between Britain and the United States caused the 1807 embargo. The conflict developed when a British ship, in search of deserters, fired on the American Chesapeake off the coast of Virginia.
• Embargo Act of 1807


  Made into law in response to British and French mistreatment of American merchants act banned the export of goods in the US to foreign ports this placed tension in the US economy only slightly affecting European targets and therefore concealed in 1809
• Orders in Council (1806-1807)


  1806- 1807 laws issued by the British crown closing French-owned European ports to foreign shipping, French responded by ordering a hold of all boats entering British ports cutting off American merchants from trade with both parties
• Impressment


  By force drafting a person to the military service employed by British navy against American Seaman in times of war against France 1793-1815, Impressment was a conflict between Britain and the US in the early national period
• Marbury v. Madison 1803


  Supreme Court case established the judicial review and the idea Supreme Court had final authority to determine constitutionality
• Judicial Review

  Allows supreme court to review acts and other branches of government state laws and Judicial decisions that involve the constitution.
• John Marshall


  -American statesman

  -lawyer-founding father

  -served as the fourth chief justice of the US till death

  -(Chief justice of Supreme Court)
• Midnight Judges (1801)


  Federal justices were appointed by John Adams during the last days of his presidency. Their positions were revoked when the newly elected Republican Congress repealed the Judiciary Act.
• Judiciary Act of 1801


  Passed by the departing Federalist Congress, it created sixteen new federal judgeships ensuring a Federalist hold on the judiciary.
• Corps of Discovery (1804-1806)


  Team of adventurers, led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, sent by Thomas Jefferson to explore Louisiana Territory and find a water route to the Pacific. Lewis and Clark brought back detailed accounts of the West's flora, Native population, and the survivability of overland travel to the west.
• William Clark


  -American explorer

  -soldier

  -Indian agent

  -Territorial governor

  -Born in VA moved to KY then settled in MO
• Meriwether Lewis


  -American explorer

  -soldier

  -politician

  -public administrator

  -Best known for his role as the leader of the Lewis and Clark Expedition also known as (the Corps Of Discovery) with William Clark
• Napolean Bonaparte (1769-1821)


  -French emperor

  -military commander

  -famous during the American Revolution he led successful operations-Said to have taken land from Europe and grew his empire but it fell (·•᷄‎ࡇ•᷅)
• Lousiana Purchase (1803)

  We buy land from France which is Lousiana, buy double the US territory opening immense land for settlement
• Revolution of 1800

  -When Thomas Jefferson defeated incumbent// Dem. Rep won over Federalists the rival parties solidified faith in Am. political system

  -Dem. Rep won because Thomas believed in this and was chosen president