Tumor Markers

• What is the enzyme tumor marker for Liver cancer?

  Alkaline Phosphatase
• Enzyme tumor marker for prostatic cancer?

  Prostatic Acid Phosphatase
• This is a more specific marker for screening and early detection of prostatic cancer?

  Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
• What is a reliable marker for differentiation of prostatic cancer and benign prostatic hypertrophy?

  Ratio of Free and Total PSA
• This a hormone that is elevated in medullary thyroid cancer?

  Calcitonin
• What hormone is useful for monitoring treatment and detecting cancer reccurence?

  Calcitonin
• This a useful tumor marker for tumors in placenta and testes?

  hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
• An oncofetal marker that is a tumor marker for hepatocellular, germ cell and testicular cancer?

  Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
• AFP that is higher than 1000 ug/L is an indicator what cancer? Except for cases of?

  LIVER CANCER, except for pregnancy
• These are tumor markers that are useful in staging and classifying germ cell tumors?

  AFP (Alpha-fetoprotein) and hCG (Human chorionic gonadotropin)
• The higher the AFP levels, what prognosis?

  Poorer prognosis
• This a tumor marker for cancers of GIT, lung, breast and thyroid carcinoma?

  Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
• This tumor marker should NOT be used for screening for some tumors does not produce this?

  Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
• This a carbohydrate marker that is used for breast carcinoma?

  CA 15-3
• It is a carbohydrate marker that is not specific for ovarian and endometrial carcinomas?

  CA-125
• It is a carbohydrate marker that is a marker for colorectal, gastric and pancreatic carcinoma?

  CA 19-9
• It is a carbohydrate marker for gastric and pancreatic carcinoma?

  CA-50
• Another carbohydrate marker for breast cancer, useful for recurrence detection and treatment?

  CA 27.29
• It is a protein marker for multiple myeloma, and Hodgkin's lymphoma?

  Beta-2-microglobulin
• A protein marker for hodgkin's lymphoma, leukemia, liver, lung, and breast cancer?

  Ferritin
• A protein marker for detection of differentiated thyroid cancer?

  Thyroglobulin
• A marker for multiple myeloma?

  Monoclonal Immunoglobulin
• This monoclonal Ig is a free light chain found in urine that is a reliable marker for multiple myeloma?

  Bence Jones protein
• These are specific genes in inherited predisposition for breast and ovarian cancer?

  BRCA1 and BRCA2
• These are receptors for breast cancer indicators for hormonal therapy?

  Estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors
• (+) ER/PR is indicative of?

  tendency to respond to hormonal treatment
• (-) ER/PR is indicative of?

  Requirement of other therapies for breast cancer
• This is a useful adjunct to estrogen receptor testing?

  Progesterone receptor testing
• PR synthesis is dependent on what factor?

  Estrogen Action
• This is also known as Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2?

  HER-2 Neu
• This a marker for breast cancer and is useful in monitoring trastuzumab or Herceptin therapy efficiency?
• This a marker for breast cancer and is useful in monitoring trastuzumab or Herceptin therapy efficiency?

  C-erbB2 or HER-2 Neu (Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2)