4.2.2.2 Reactions of acids with alkalis

• What do acids donate?

  Protons (H+)
• What is the general neutralization equation format?

  • Reactants: Acid + Alkali
  • Products: Salt + Water
• What is the pH of lemon juice?

  Approximately 2
• What is the definition of water in the context of neutralization reactions?

  A neutral substance with pH = 7
• What are the products of an acid-alkali reaction?

  Salt and water
• What does the general neutralization equation represent?

  Reaction of acids and alkalis to form salt and water
• What is the chemical formula for sodium hydroxide?

  NaOH
• What are the properties of salt produced in neutralization reactions?

  Crystalline solids with high melting points
• What is the definition of salt in the context of neutralization reactions?

  An ionic compound formed from acid and alkali
• What does the reaction of two hydrogen molecules with one oxygen molecule produce?

  Two water molecules
• What is the general process called when acids and alkalis combine?

  Neutralization
• What is the pH range for acidic substances?

  0 to less than 7
• What are the products of a neutralization reaction?

  • Salt
  • Water
• What principle do balanced chemical equations follow?

  Conservation of mass
• What is the balanced equation for the reaction of hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide?

  HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O
• What is the molar ratio of Ca(OH)₂ to H₂O in the reaction?

  1:2
• What is produced when hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide?

  Sodium chloride (NaCl) and water (H₂O)
• Why do you count atoms in balancing equations?

  To identify imbalances in the equation
• What is the purpose of balancing water in the equation?

  To equalize hydrogen and oxygen atoms
• What is the general equation for neutralization reactions?

  • Acid + Alkali → Salt + Water
• What is the chemical formula for water?

  H₂O
• What type of reaction is represented by the general neutralization equation?

  Acid-base reaction
• What is the pH of alkalis?

  Greater than 7
• What is the pH of acids?

  Less than 7
• What is the molar ratio of HCl to H₂O in the reaction?

  2:2
• What is the context for the reaction between sulfuric acid and calcium hydroxide?

  Neutralizing acidic soil
• What do alkalis accept?

  Protons
• How does the formation of water illustrate the conservation of mass?

  Mass is conserved in reactants and products
• What is the significance of pH 7 in neutralization reactions?

  • pH 7 indicates a neutral solution
  • Achieved when acids and alkalis neutralize each other
• Why are molar ratios crucial in chemical reactions?

  They help calculate quantities of substances involved
• What is the pH of soap?

  Approximately 9
• What are the products of the neutralization of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide?

  Sodium chloride and water
• What is the key takeaway from balancing acid-alkali equations?

  • Adjust coefficients to equalize atom numbers
  • Ensure mass conservation in reactions
• What does the balanced equation HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O indicate?

  All elements have equal atoms on both sides
• What is the salt produced when nitric acid reacts with potassium hydroxide?

  Potassium nitrate (KNO₃)
• What are the properties of water produced in neutralization reactions?

  Liquid at room temperature
• What is the first step in balancing acid-alkali equations?

  Write the unbalanced equation
• What do balanced chemical equations ensure?

  Same number of atoms on both sides
• What is the role of water in acid-alkali reactions?

  It is one of the products formed
• What is the purpose of balancing acid-alkali equations?

  To ensure equal number of atoms on both sides