Polish migration to UK

• How do countries influence migration rates?

  By making trade easier and improving relations
• What rights do European citizens have regarding employment in other member states?

  They can work under the same conditions as nationals
• How many states are in the EU?

  27 states
• What does the EU membership allow citizens to do?

  Live and work anywhere in member states
• When did the A8 countries join the EU?

  In 2004
• Which countries are included in the A8 group?

  Latvia, Poland, and Hungary
• What was the effect of the A8 expansion on migration?

  It increased the pool of potential migrants
• What was the Schengen Agreement's impact on migration from LICs?

  It banned migrants from LICs for 7 years
• Did the UK impose a ban on migration from A8 countries?

  No, the UK did not ban migration
• When was the Schengen Agreement established?

  In 1985
• What did the Schengen Agreement lead to?

  Abolition of national borders in Europe
• What principle does the Schengen Area operate on?

  Citizens of Europe can move freely
• What is a key feature of the Schengen Area?

  No border checks for crossing borders
• Did the UK sign the Schengen Agreement?

  No, the UK never signed it
• Why do migrants prefer jobs in the UK?

  Minimum wage is higher than in LICs
• How does the GDP of A8 countries compare to other EU member states?

  A8 countries have a lower GDP
• What is a common characteristic of UK migrants?

  Vocational training or secondary education
• What is the average age of UK migrants?

  30 years old
• What is a notable demographic of A8 migrants?

  80% are aged 18-34
• What percentage of A8 migrants are aged 18-24?

  43%
• What are young migrants seeking in the UK?

  Language skills and work experience
• What type of workers are A8 migrants typically?

  Highly educated specialists with experience
• What are some causes of migration to the UK?

  Developed economy and low-skilled job availability
• How does the UK’s reputation affect migration?

  It is seen as tolerant towards migrants
• What does the workers registration scheme provide?

  Right of entry and the right to work
• How has travel influenced migration to the UK?

  Cheap bus and air travel facilitate migration
• What role do existing immigrant groups play in migration?

  They encourage new migrants to settle
• How does unemployment in the UK compare to Poland?

  Unemployment is higher in Poland
• What is the GNI per capita comparison between the UK and Poland?

  Higher GNI per capita in the UK
• What has changed regarding low-skilled worker visas post-Brexit?

  Removal of visas for low-skilled workers
• How did Brexit affect EU citizens' rights in the UK?

  Free movement rules ended on January 1, 2021
• What has happened to work-related migration in lower-skilled sectors?

  It has not been replaced by additional visa issuance
• What trend has been observed in skilled work permits since 2021?

  Permits for below graduate jobs rose to 62%
• What changes are being introduced in UK immigration rules throughout 2024?

  Increased salary requirements for visas
• What restrictions are placed on healthcare and care worker visa holders?

  They cannot bring dependents
• What types of jobs do migrants typically perform in the UK?

  Low paid and high sector jobs
• What is a common issue faced by illegal migrants in the UK?

  They often work in illegal jobs
• What are some impacts of migration on the source country?

  Remittances provide income and reduce unemployment
• How does migration affect health, education, and housing in source countries?

  It reduces pressure on these services
• What are the benefits of return migrants to their communities?

  They bring new skills, ideas, and money