acids, bases + protons

• what are acids?

  • proton donors - they ionize in solution producing protons, H+ ions
  • these H+ ions make the aqueous solution acidic
  • e.g. hydrochloric acid
• what are bases?

  • alkalis
  • proton accepters - ionize in solution producing OH- ions which can accept protons
  • these OH- ions make the aqueous solution alkaline
  • e.g. sodium hydroxide
• what metals will react will react with dilute acids?

  metals above hydrogen in the reactivity series
• T or F

  if the metal is more reactive then the reaction will be more vigorous

  T
• what are some examples of metals that are high on the reactivity series + why?

  • potassium
  • sodium
  • they are very dangerous + react explosively with acids
• what is formed when a metal reacts with an acid?

  they form salt + hydrogen gas
• what is the general equation for acids + metals?

  metal + acid -> salt + hydrogen
• what reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a base?

  a neutralisation reaction
• what is the general equation for acids + bases?

  acid + base -> salt + water
• what does the identity of the salt produced rely on?

  the acid used + the positive ions in the base
• what happens when acids + metal carbonates react?

  they form metal salt, carbon dioxide + water