Co-existence of causes

• Co-existence of causes:

  • you may have a patient with:
  • mitral valve insufficiency - a form of volume overload
  • hypertension - a form of pressure overload
  • moderate renal failure - a form of volume overload
  • compromised contractility post-infarct of the anterior aspect of the left ventricle - a form of disorder of the myocardium
• Renal Failure & Heart Failure

  • people with ongoing renal (kidney) failure will develop heart failure
  • heart failure is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease and the population of chronic kidney disease patients with concurrent heart failure continues to grow

  
• Interconnections of pathologies:

  • if someone is diabetic, high glucose levels in plasma causes structural damage to the kidneys and impacts renal function
  • this can cause renal disease which is linked to heart failure
  • diabetes also causes people to be in a proatherogenic state, so are more likely to produce atherosclerosis because the high levels of glucose cause damage to the endothelial lining of the coronary arteries, predisposing them to atherosclerosis
  • diabetes increases the concentration of non-HDL in the blood, which causes atherosclerotic inflammation which underlies myocardial ischemia -> heart attack -> muscle mass loss of myocardium -> heart failure -> renal disease