SOCIETY AND STATE

• society

  It refers to the totality of all natural relations and institutions between man and man - Franz Oppenheimer (1922, XIV) a German sociologist.

  • A small group of scholars
  • A country or State such as the Philippine and American societies.
• Kinds of society are classified according to:

  • Geographical location
  • Culture
  • Ethnicity
  • Belief
  • System or religion
  • Political ideology
  • Type of economy
• Sociologist identify the following (subsistence) kinds society:

  1. Hunting and gathering societies
  2. Pastural societies
  3. Horticultural societies
  4. Agricultural societies (agrarian)
  5. Industrial societies
  6. Post-Industrial societies
• Hunting and gathering societies depend on what nature provides for their subsistence. They hunt animals and gather fruits, nuts, roots, and other edible plant based food.
• Pastoral society

  The primary means of subsistence of this societies is the domestication and herding of animals, people raise and herd goats, sheep, pigs, camels, and other domesticated animals generally for food, clothing, and transportation.
• horticultural societies

  The primary means of subsistence of societies is the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, and plants using hand tools.
• agrarian societies

  The primary means of subsistence is the cultivation of crops, like corn, wheat, and rice, but this time, using a mixture of human and nonhuman means, specifically by using animals and the plow to cultivate fields.
• industrial society

  The primary means of subsistence is the use of mechanical means (machines and chemical processes) for the production of goods, instead of human and animal physical power.
• Aristotle defined the state as a "union of families and villages having for its end a perfect and self-sufficing life by which it meant a happy and good life". Burgess defines the state as "a particular portion of mankind viewed as an organized unit.
• four element of state

  • people
  • territory
  • sovereignty
  • government