LEA 1N Evolution of Policing PART 2

• During the modern period, the Night watchmen or Bellmen was created by virtue of a law passed by King Charles II. They were employed to be on duty from sunset to sunrise.
• Night Shift is also known as Graveyard Shift.
• Night watchmen carry bells during patrol. The bells signify alarms back then.'
• Night watchmen are also known as Night Bellmen, Charlies, and Shake and Shiver.
• Merchant Police are people hired to protect merchants and their business.
• During the Modern Period, the Bow Street Runners was organized by Henry Fielding who was the Chief Magistrate (Justice) of Bow Street in London.
• The brother of Henry Fielding named John Fielding formed the Bow Street Horse Patrol whose duty was to patrol the main roads thus secure the travelers from highway bandits.
• John Fielding has an eye defect but strong hearing.
• During the modern period, the London Metropolitan Police was established by Robert Peel (Father of Modern Policing) which became the World's First Modern Organized Police Force.
• The London Metropolitan Police is also known as New Police, Peels Bloody Gang, Blue Devil, and Dirty Puppies because of their violent nature.
• The london metropolitan police was later called Scotland Yard.
• Under the French Police System, King Louis XIV maintained a small central police organization consisting of some 40 inspectors who, with the help of numerous paid informants supplied the government with details (Information) about the conduct of private individuals.
• Informer is a person who gives information to the police who are given rewards.
• Informant is a person who gives information freely but sometimes there are cases of paid informants.
• Under the French Policing System, Officers de Paix was the origin of the word Peace Officers.
• Under the French Policing System, Sergent de Ville (Servant of the City) was called the first uniformed (identity) police officers.
• Under the French Policing System, Sergent de Ville is the 1st police organization that was created 6 months earlier from Metropolitan Police
• Other contributions of the French Policing System includes: conceiving street signs, assigning house numbers, installing street lighting, creating emergency and rescue services, use of police ambulances, use of warrant card and ID signifying authority to arrest.
• ID means Identification Document
• Under the American Police System, the Rattlewatch was organized in New York, Philadelphia and Boston which was similar to night watchmen in london.
• Rattlewatch carried rattles while on duty to inform the public of their watchful presence.
• Under the American Police System, the Municipal Police Force implemented the following: Night watch in Boston, Massachusetts, Rattlewatch in New York, and Night watch in Philadelphia.
• Under the American Police System, the Municipal Police Force introduced the police regulation that "No watchman has the liberty to sleep" - New Haven, Connecticut
• Under the American Police System, the Municipal Police Force made a government policy that able-bodied males over 16 years old were required to serve without pay.
• Under the American Police System, the Municipal Police Force introduced daytime police with pay and full uniformed police in New York City.'
• Under the American Police System, the State Police Force introduced the following: Texas Rangers (forerunner of the FBI), State constables - Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania State Police.
• Under the American Police System, the Federal Police Force introduced Post Office Inspection System and Investigation of crimes against the government.
• Under the American Police System, the Federal Police Force formed Detective Forces to investigate problems on revenue (Profit or Taxes), services, immigration and smuggling.
• Under the American Police System, the Federal Government attention focused on lotteries, drug regulations, and transportation guidelines.
• Enactment of the Anti-White Slavery Act (Prostitute) and Motor Vehicle Act (Carnapping).
• In 1934, national kidnapping act, banking act, and racketeering act were passed by the US congress.