VoE Research 1

• In a violation of expectation experiment, infants see two events: an expected event (in line with what the infant expects in that situation) and an unexpected event (which violates the expectation of the infant).
• The control condition consisted of a tall object being visible as it passed behind a screen with a window.
• The experimental condition involved the tall object not appearing when it passed behind a screen with a window.
• Results found that on average, the infants stared at expected events for 25.11 seconds, whereas the infants stared at unexpected events for 33.07 seconds.
• The results show that babies showed more surprise in response to unexpected events as they knew that the tall object should be visible when passing through the window. Therefore infants DO have an understanding of the physical world before 8 months old.