Rates of reaction

• Measuring the Production of a Gas (Hydrochloric Acid and Marble Chips):

  1. Setup:

  • Measure fixed volume of hydrochloric acid in a conical flask.
  • Add marble chips and quickly attach a gas syringe.

  1. Data Collection:

  • Record initial gas volume and measure at regular intervals.

  1. Variations:

  • Repeat with changes in concentration, temperature, or surface area.
• Observing a Colour Change (Sodium Thiosulfate and Hydrochloric Acid):

  1. Mixing:

  • Measure fixed volumes of sodium thiosulfate and hydrochloric acid in a conical flask.

  1. Observation:

  • Place flask on a marked cross, observe until the cross disappears.

  1. Time Recording:

  • Record time taken under different conditions (vary concentration, temperature, or use a catalyst).
• What is the rate of reaction?

  The speed at which a chemical reaction takes place.
• In what ways can the rate of reaction be observed?

  colour change (precipitation reaction), Change in mass (usually by gas) and the volume of gas given off.
• Reactions occur when particles collide with each other. The increase of energy on the particles increases the rate of reactions.
• What is the effect of surface area on the rate of reaction?

  Increase rate of reaction as there is a higher chance for the particles to collide with each other.
• What is the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction?

  The rate of reaction increases because the particles gain more energy which gives them a higher chance of collision between each other.
• What is the effect of concentration on the rate of reaction?

  The rate of reaction increases because the amount of particles in a volume is high which means that there will be a higher chance for them to collide.
• What is collision theory?

  Particles must collide with enough energy in order for them to react.
• What is a catalyst?

  A substance that speeds up a reaction without being chemically used up in a reaction.
• What is activation energy?

  The minimum amount of energy needed for particles to react.
• A catalyst speeds up a reaction by lowering the activation energy needed for the particles to react.

  
• enzymes are biological catalysts and are used in the production of alcoholic drinks.