Mumbai india

• London is one of the world's top 10 centres of commerce in terms of global financial flow.
• Mumbai lies on the west coast of India on Salsette Island adjacent to the mouth of the Ulhas river and bounded by the Arabian sea.
• Mumbai is a global financial home to many important multinational companies and industries.
• Mumbai handles 40% of all of India’s foreign trade.
• Mumbai has many important Indian companies; finance (reserve bank of India and National stock exchange included), scientific institutes such as the department for atomic energy, IT firms and Bollywood film productions),
• Mumbai is globally and nationally important, being one of the largest sea ports on the Arabian sea handling 70% of India’s maritime containerised trade, an international airport and rail links to other major Indian cities (Dehli, Kolkata, Chennai).
• causes of growth:

  • Migration accounts for 37% of decadal growth of Mumbai’s population.
  • The majority of domestic migrants come from impoverished northern states (Uttar Pradesh and Bihar) and from rural areas of Maharastra state.
  • Employment in textile industries, manufacturing, port activities and construction are major attractions
  • International migrants come mainly from Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal and Sri Lanka
  • Some migrants are from western nations (USA / UK) working for large multinational companies and more recently from South East Asia seeking new business opportunities.
• Social and economic opportunities:

  • Potential to offer high standards of living
  • Employment in textile industries, manufacturing, port activities and construction are major attractions
• Dharavi slum rehabilitation project Mumbai:

  • Dharavi is one of the oldest and most famous slums in Mumbai, it originates from 1882 during the British colonial era. Dharavi occupies approximately 1km 2 of North Central Mumbai. Estimates of Dharavi’s population are anywhere between 700,000 and 1 million people.
  • average size of a dwelling is 12ft x 12ft and is frequently inhabited by extended families. Average occupancy was 4.5 people per room (2001 census). 62% of buildings in Dharavi are built of permanent materials such as brick or concrete, with a further 27% made of semi-permanent materials.
• 54% of Mumbai’s residents live in squatter settlements (slums) The largest of which, Dharavi, is home to 1million people in just 1km2
• Dharavi Slum Rehabilitation Project
• Water and sanitation
• Mumbai has suffered series of water shortages due to weak monsoon seasons.
• Deficit in supply is between 10-20%
• Many slums have few taps and these are only switch on by authorities for 2 hours per day
• Water supply is often contaminated by sewage or pollution from heavy industry
• Due to the old, leaking pipes, 650 million litres of water is lost each day
• Some slum dwellers spend up to 20% of their money on water
• Dams built on rivers fed by Western Ghats (125km from Mumbai) along with underground storage tanks in north of the city
• Cloud seeding in Maharastra state
• Oil, gas and coal will be the major fuels for India in the coming decades
• An old electricity grid means loses of 34% (a good grid loses 6%)
• High inflation of energy prices and continued government subsidisation is costing billions of dollars which could be spent on other social concerns
• Many slum dwellings still do not have legal connections to power supplies, instead tapping in illegally which is unsafe
• Goal of 20% renewable generation by 2020
• Make Mumbai a ‘solar city’
• Increase nuclear generation from 5gigawatts today to 20 gigawatts by 2020 to address emissions issues.
• Encourage private investment by reducing red tape
• Low life expectancy in squatter settlements due to unsanitary conditions
• Poor water quality, mosquitoes from mangrove swamps and toxic waste lead to spread of disease
• Doctors deal with 4000 cases of typhoid and diphtheria daily
• Many homes in Dharavi use illegal power connections.
• Water in Dharavi is supplied via standpipes in the street and is only active for 2 hours per day.
• Vaccination programs and improvements in infrastructure have shifted need for dealing with infectious diseases to chronic ones (cancer and heart disease)
• Sewers in Dharavi are often open drains and communal toilets are emptied into local rivers.
• Unemployment in India as a whole 2004-5 was approximately 10.4%, Mumbai’s unemployment runs at about 5% with underemployment of marginal workers of 1.5%.
• Houses in Dharavi are poorly constructed for low quality materials, as they were built illegally.
• Slums close to rivers in Dharavi are prone to flooding during the rainy season.
• Upto 68% of workers in Mumbai work in the informal sector a majority of which come from the slum settlements, these workers have little or no job security.
• Due to the densely packed nature of the housing in Dharavi, there is limited road access.