development dynamics

• what is development?

  the progress of a country in terms of economy, technology and wellbeing(health, mental and physical)
• characteristics of a developed country?


  1.low birth rate(children are expensive ,contraception is available and people chose careers instead of family)

  2.low death rate(healthcare , better life quality and better education)

  3.high literacy rate(better education and more chance to practise)

  4.higher life expectancy(good healthcare, better education, healthier food and cleaner water)
• characteristics of a developing country?

  1.high birth rate(no contraception, education, need children to help on farms and high infant mortality rate)

  2.high death rate(poor healthcare, dirty water, poorer health and safety regulations)

  3.low literacy rate(poorer education, manual jobs instead of jobs that require high education)

  4.low life expectancy(poor healthcare, lack of food ,lack of food, lack of clean water and diseases)
• what is human development index(HDI)?

  a composite measure of development-considers both social and economic indicators, consists of income, life expectancy and education
• what does HDI measure?

  estimated measure of wealth
• how is HDI measured?


  three parts are used to produce a number between 0 and 1, country above 0.8 is developed but below 0.5 developing(india-0.645)
• what is corruption perception index?

  a measure of how corrupt a country is, the results are given on a scale of 0(higher corruption) to 100(very clean)
• what is GINI coffecient?

  a measure of the inequality in a country with a coefficient between 0 and 1. The closer to 0 means the country is more equal, closer to 1 means more inequality(USA-0.45 rising)
• what is GDP?

  total value of goods/ services a country produces in a year($)(measures wealth of a country)
• what is GDP per capita?

  total value of goods/ services produced in a country divided by population(measure of wealth)
• what is birth rate?

  number of babies born every year per thousand of population(measure of female education )
• what is death rate?

  number of live babies born per thousand of population per year(measure of healthcare)
• what is infant mortality?

  number of babies who die under 1year per thousand population per year(measure of health)
• what is maternal mortality rate?

  number of women who died whilst pregnancy/child birth(measure of acess to healthcare)
• what is literacy rate?

  number of people who can read/write(measures access to education)
• what is access to safe water?

  percentage of people who get clean drinking water(measures sanitation)
• what is life expectancy?

  average number of years people are expected to live(measure of heaalthcare)
• what is fertility rate?

  average number of children born in womens lifetime(measures health)
• what is calorie intake?

  average number of calories people eat a day(measures wealth)
• what are young dependants?

  0-16, rely on guradian
• what are working population?

  16-60, people who work/ make money and pay taxes
• what is elderly dependant?

  60+, rely on working population
• whats demographic?

  population
• what's transition?


  changes
• whats model?

  a displayed data
• what is a DTM?


  DTM is a way of displaying data to show the population changes(demographic transition model)
• how many stages of DTM are there?

  5
• what is the stage 1 model?


  economy is based on agriculture, bad harvest/climate change(lose crops so lose lots of money)
• whats stage 2?

  high birth rate, least developed countries and 80% of money is from agriculture
• whats stage 3?


  manufacturing, rapid economic development and demand for tertiary mastrels(buying goods)
• whats stage 4 of DTM?

  more service jobs, very few farmers(cant grow enough crops), high economy and developed
• whats stage 5 of DTM?


  ageing population, unpredictable and economy will fall
• what are limitations of DTM?

  -fluctuates caused natural disasters/wars

  -doesn't take migration into count

  -created when climate change wasn't fully considered

  -cant predict impacts of famine/epidemics

  -modelled after studying developed countries so developing countries may not follow
• what is inequality and examples?

  inequality is when people are unequal to others, healthcare in america and education
• what makes countries unequal?


  landlocked countries, slavery, climate rated disease, social investment and closed and open economy, world trade, extreme weather and superpowers
• how does landlock affect countries?

  surrounded by land so they have no acess to sea therefore no trade and less money
• how does open and closed economy affect countries?

  an open economy would be more equal than a closed economy because they would trade with foreign countries to make sure they are as developed and equal as others therefore they would be able to have a low cause of inequality as they have the money to prevent inequality unlike closed economys
• how does extreme weather affect countries?

  slow development so constant repairs that cost a lot of money
• how does world trade effect countries?

  rich countries have lots of power and they pay as little as possible for raw materials from poor countries
• consequences of inequality?(Haiti)

  1.environmental-natural disasters increase vulnerability(Haiti earthquake)

  2.ecomic-60% dont have access to internet

  50% live on less than $2

  3.international migration-greater awareness of other countries

  4.educated young people leave-leaving uneducated elderly

  5.environmental/social-50% of children in Haiti went to school before earthquake

  6.social-2000 children die everyday of diarrhoea

  1 billion don't have access to clean water

  7.political-non democratic(no public votes)