functional groups

• what do alcohols contain?


  the hydroxyl ( -OH ) functional group
• what is the general formula for alcohols?

  Cn H2n+1 OH
• how does each member of the alcohols differ from one member to the next?

  by one CH2
• which functional group is this?

  alcohol

  
• what are the 1st four alcohols?

  methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol
• what is the structural formula of methanol?

  CH3OH
• what is the structural formula for ethanol?

  CH3CH2OH
• what is the structural formula for propanol?

  CH3CH2CH2OH
• what is the structural formula for butanol?

  CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
• what are alcohols?

  colourless liquids that dissolve in water to form neutral solutions
• what are the first four alcohols commonly used for?

  fuels
• alcohols undergo combustion to form water and carbon dioxide
• alcohols undergo oxidation to produce carboxylic acids, an organic acid

  CH3CH2OH + 2[O] -> CH3COOH + H2O

  ethanol -> ethanoic acid
• what is the general formula for carboxylic acids?

  C2 H2n+1 COOH
• how does each of the carboxylic acids differ from each other?

  they differ by one -CH2- from one member to the next
• how do carboxylic acid properties change gradually?

  boiling points increase with increased carbon chain length

  viscosity increases with increased carbon chain length
• what does a carboxylic acid end with?

  -oic
• what is this carboxylic acid?

  methanoic acid

  
• what is this carboxylic acid?

  ethanoic acid

  
• what is this carboxylic acid?

  propanoic acid

  
• what is this carboxylic acid?

  butanoic acid

  
• complete combustion of ethanol:

  CH3CH2OH + 3O2 -> 2CO2 + 3H20