cellular respi

• Aerobic respiration is the process of cellular respiration that uses oxygen to produce energy from food.
• Anaerobic respiration is a type of cellular respiration that does not use oxygen to produce energy.
• Aerobic respiration needs oxygen to release the energy in food, represented by the equation C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O + ATP.
• Anaerobic respiration can release the energy from food without the need of oxygen, represented by the equations C6H12O6 → CO2 + Ethanol + ATP (alcoholic fermentation) and C6H12O6 → Lactic Acid + ATP (lactic acid fermentation).
• Cellular respiration involves three stages: Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and Electron Transport Chain.
• Glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration and releases only a small amount of energy (2 net ATP) if oxygen is present, it will lead to two other pathways that release a lot of energy: Krebs cycle & Electron Transport Chain.
• If oxygen is absent, glycolysis is followed by a different pathway: Alcoholic Fermentation or Lactic Acid Fermentation.
• Cellular respiration has an input, output, and net gain of ATP molecules.
• NADH and FADH2 are high energy electron carriers that for every molecule of NADH, 3 molecules of ATP and for every FADH2 molecule, produce 2 ATP molecules.
• Glycolysis, the first stage of cellular respiration, occurs in the Cytosol of the Cytoplasm.
• Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain, the second and third stages of cellular respiration, take place in the Mitochondria.
• The structure of the Mitochondria consists of a smooth outer Membrane, a folded inner membrane, cristae where Electron Transport Chain takes place, and a matrix where Krebs cycle takes place.