GLYCOLYSIS

• Splitting of sugar, or glycolysis, occurs in the cytosol of the cell and partially oxidizes glucose (6C) to 2 pyruvate (3C) molecules.
• Glycolysis occurs whether or not oxygen is present.
• Glycolysis is an exergonic process, meaning energy is released and most of the energy harnessed is conserved in the high-energy electrons of NADH and in the phosphate bonds of ATP.
• Glycolysis is anaerobic, meaning it doesn't use oxygen.
• Glycolysis requires input of 2 ATP, with net gain of 2 ATP.
• During glycolysis, glucose is split into two molecules of Pyruvate, producing 2 NADH and 4 ATP.
• The chemical equation for glycolysis is: C6H12O6 + 2ADP + 2Pi + 2NAD+ → 2C3H4O3 + 2H2O + 2ATP + 2NADH + 2H+.
• Glycolysis is divided into two steps: the preparatory phase (energy investment) and the energy payoff phase.
• In the preparatory phase of glycolysis, energy is invested in the form of ATP, NAD+, and Pi.
• In the energy payoff phase of glycolysis, energy is paid off in the form of ATP, NADH, and H+.
• The phosphate from ATP will be transferred, ATP will be ADP, in the first step of glycolysis.
• A phosphate will be added to ADP which will make it ATP, in the last step of glycolysis.
• The process of arranging the sequence of chemical reactions is known as isomerization.
• A redox reaction occurs in the second step of glycolysis.