Lymphatic system

• Organs include the thymus gland (thymos), spleen, tonsils, adenoids, appendix, Peyer's patches, and bone marrow.
• The lymphatic system consists of organs, vessels, nodes, and tissue spaces.
• Lymph is the fluid that bathes body tissues.
• The lymphatic system is part of the immune system that helps protect against infection by removing pathogens from tissues and producing antibodies to fight them off.
• Lymph is formed from interstitial fluid that enters lymph capillaries through valves.
• Lymph nodes are small bean-shaped structures located along the course of lymph vessels throughout the body.
• They contain white blood cells called lymphocytes which produce antibodies to fight off invading organisms.
• Interstitial fluid contains proteins, nutrients, waste products, hormones, antibodies, bacteria, viruses, cancer cells, and other substances.
• Lymphocytes are white blood cells found in the lymphatic system.
• Lymphocytes are white blood cells produced by the bone marrow and matured in the thymus gland.
• It also plays a role in maintaining fluid balance between blood plasma and interstitial fluid.
• Interstitial fluid contains proteins, nutrients, waste products, hormones, and other substances.
• Tonsils are masses of lymphoid tissue located at the back of the throat.
• The lymphatic system includes lymphoid organs such as the thymus, spleen, tonsils, adenoids, appendix, Peyer's patches, and bone marrow.
• The lymphatic system functions to drain excess interstitial fluid, transport dietary lipids and fat-soluble vitamins from the digestive tract to the blood, and protect against invasion and disease.
• Lymph is a clear, watery fluid similar to blood plasma, but it has no red blood cells and less plasma proteins.
• Lymphatic vessels include lymph capillaries, lymph vessels, and lymphatic ducts.
• Lymph nodes occur along lymph vessels and lymph flow is maintained by the respiratory pump and the skeletal pump.
• Primary lymphoid organs include the thymus gland and bone marrow, while secondary lymphoid organs include lymph nodes, tonsils and adenoids, and Peyer's patches.
• Lymph nodes appear bean-shaped and their size varies from pinhead up to the size of an almond.
• The outer layer of lymph nodes is a fibrous capsule and they are gathered in groups along lymph vessels.
• 4-5 afferent lymph vessels can deliver lymph inwards, while only one efferent vessel carries lymph away.
• The appearance of the Thymus is that of a small, pea-shaped organ located in the upper part of the chest.
• The three Secondary Lymphoid organs are the Bone marrow, Spleen, and Lymph nodes.
• The four functions of the Spleen are to filter blood, produce white blood cells, maintain fluid balance, and fight infection.
• Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) is found in the mucosa.
• The three Primary Lymphoid organs are the Thymus, Spleen, and Lymph nodes.
• The three functions of the lymphatic system are to maintain fluid balance, transport nutrients, and fight infection.
• Lymphatic vessels contain one-way valves that maintain lymph flow.
• Lymphatic nodes have more vessels going into each node than leaving each node.
• The main function of the Thymus is to produce T cells.
• The three constituents of Lymph are plasma, white blood cells, and lymphocytes.
• The pathway for lymph from the capillary to the subclavian veins involves the lymphatic vessels, thoracic duct, and right lymphatic duct.
• Lymph nodes perform filtering and phagocytosis, passing inorganic material from node to node to filter, which cannot be destroyed by phagocytosis, and destroying organic material by macrophages and antibodies.
• Particulate matter filtered by lymph nodes includes bacteria, dead/alive phagocytes, cells from malignant tumours, and worn out/damaged cells.
• Activated T and B lymphocytes multiply in lymph nodes.
• The spleen contains about 350mls of blood which it can rapidly return to circulation in emergencies.
• The spleen, located in the left hypochondriac regions of the abdomen, is the largest lymph organ, is purplish in colour, contains reticular and lymphatic tissue, and its cellular material is made up of lymphocytes and macrophages.
• The spleen phagocytizes old or broken erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets and bacteria.
• The thymus is the largest lymph organ, is purplish in colour, contains reticular and lymphatic tissue, and its cellular material is made up of lymphocytes and macrophages.