UCSP ( FORMS AND FUNCTIONS OF STATE AND INSTITUTIONS)

• Culture, Society and Politics are understood and studied through the forms and functions of state and non-state institutions.
• An institution is a mechanism which governs the behavior of a set of individuals within a given community.
• The State is the institution whose functions are carried out by the government.
• The primary functions of the State are maintenance of peace and order and the regulation and control of the lives of the people as well as addressing the needs of the citizenry of a certain degree of social order.
• Political Institution is the system of power and authority which is used to maintain social order.
• Political Institution is a complex of social norms and rules that serve to maintain social order to exercise power to compel conformity to the existing system of authority.
• Economic Institutions include specific agencies or foundations, devoted to collecting or studying economic data, or commissioned with the job of supplying a good or service that is important to the economy of a country.
• Federation of Free Workers (FFW), Kilusang Mayo Uno (KMU), Sentro ng mga Nagkakaisa at Progresibong Manggagawa (SENTRO), and Trade Union Congress of the Philippines (TUCP) are examples of Trade Unions.
• Cooperatives are people-centered enterprises owned, controlled and run by and for their members to realize their common economic, social, and cultural needs and aspirations.
• Trade Unions are organizations made up of members (a membership-based organization) and its membership must be made up mainly of workers.
• Market Transactions are when goods are sold for money, which in turn is used to purchase other goods, with the ultimate goal of acquiring more money and accumulating more goods.
• Negative reciprocity happens when an individual or group in a reciprocal exchange system attempts to get more than what it gives.
• Transnational Advocacy Organizations (TAOs) are defined as “self-organized advocacy groups undertaking voluntary actions across state borders in pursuit of what they deem the wider public interest.”
• Balance reciprocity happens between persons who lack a sense of kinship or obligation to help one another with no expectation of return, but who each has something that the other would like to have.
• Redistribution is when members of an organized group contribute money into a common pool of fund.
• International Organization is an organization established by a treaty or other instrument governed by international law and possessing its own international legal personality.
• Corporation is a legal entity that is separate and distinct from its owners.
• Bank is a financial institution licensed to accept deposits and make loans.
• Economic Institutions also include well-established arrangements and structures that are part of the culture or society, such as competitive markets, the banking system, kids’ allowances, customary tipping, and a system of property rights.
• Reciprocity is the system of exchange in which goods or services are passed from one individual or group to another as gifts without the need for explicit contracting for specific.
• General Reciprocity happens when there is no expectation of immediate exchange for the given gifts.