Science

• Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass.
• Chemical properties are properties that can only identified when one substance reacts with another substance.
• Physical properties are properties that can be observed and measured without changing the substance into another substance.
• Intensive properties are properties that depend on the kind of matter regardless of its amount.
• Extensive properties are properties that depend on the amount of matter.
• Elements are the simplest pure substance that cannot be broken down chemically because they are made up of just one type of atom.
• Elements are found in the periodic table of elements.
• Compounds is a pure substance that is formed when atoms of two or more elements are bonded together.
• Compounds can be broken down into elements through chemical change
• Chemical formula is used as a quick way to show the composition of compounds.
• Letters, numbers, and symbols are used to represent elements and the numbers of elements in each compound.
• Compound can be classified as acids, bases, and salts.
• Indicators are substances whose color are affected by acids and bases
• Acid change a blue litmus paper to red
• Bases change a red litmus paper to blue
• Salts have no reaction; no color change.
• Mixtures are physical combinations of two or more pure substances in which the individual identities of the substances are not altered.
• Homogeneous are mixture that appears as one uniform phase of matter.
• Heterogeneous is a mixture that is not uniformly mix.
• Plasma is the another phases of matter.
• There are 118 elements in the universe but just 92 elements is found on Earth.
• 3 states of matter

  • solid
  • liquid
  • gas
• In chemical properties, matter is classified into 3 main groups

  • elements
  • compounds
  • mixtures
• Physical properties

  • density
  • boiling point
  • melting point
  • color
  • texture
  • solubility
  • mass
  • volume
  • length
  • weight
• sulfuric acid - H2SO4

  mitric acid - HNO3

  water - H2O

  sugar - C12H22O11

  hydrochloric acid - HCl

  salt - NaCl
• examples of indicators:

  • litmus paper
  • thymol blue
  • phenolphthalein
  • methyl orange
• solution - homogeneous

  colloid - heterogeneous

  suspension - heterogeneous
• first periodic table is consist of:

  • water
  • earth
  • air
  • fire
• copper - Cu - cuprum

  gold - Au - aurum

  iron - Fe - ferrum

  lead - Pb - plumbum

  mercury - Hg - hydrargyrum

  potassium - K - kalium
• Matter are made up of atoms
• Atom is the smallest entity of matter that contains subatomic particles.
• Subatomic particles:

  • protons
  • electrons
  • neutrons
• negatively charged particles called electrons
• positively charged particles called protons
• Nucleus is the central core of an atom.
• Nucleus are consists of positively charged protons and electrically neutral neutrons.
• Particles of unlike charges attarct.
• Particles of like charges repel.