PR 2

• Quantitative Research is a systematic empirical investigation of observable phenomena through the use of computation techniques.
• Quantitative Research is concerned with numbers and its relationship with events.
• One type of chi-square test compares the frequency count of what is expected in theory against what is actually observed.
• The characteristics of Quantitative Research include being objective, having a clearly defined research question, being structured, using numerical data, having a large sample size, being replicable, and focusing on future outcomes.
• Kinds of Quantitative Research include Descriptive Research, Correlational Research, Evaluation Research, Survey Research, Causal-Comparative Research, and Experimental Research.
• The strengths of Quantitative Research include being objective, using statistical techniques for sophisticated analysis, allowing quick and easy analysis of numerical data, being replicable, and focusing on future outcomes.
• The weaknesses of Quantitative Research include requiring a large number of respondents, being susceptible to data incompleteness and inaccuracy, being contextual factors-ignorant, and being susceptible to data incompleteness and inaccuracy.
• Types Of Variables include Continuous Variable, Interval Variable, Ratio Variable, and Discrete Variable.
• The dependent variable, also known as the outcome variable, is the result or effect of the changes brought by the other variables (usually independent variables).
• Research is the primary source of knowledge and aims to develop new knowledge and apply scientific and engineering principles to connect the knowledge in one field to that in others.
• A research topic or problem is an intellectual stimulus calling for an answer in the form of scientific inquiry.
• Sources of Research Topics or Problems include prevailing theories or philosophy, observations, intuitions or a combination of both, different subjects taken and from them identify a problem that interest a student-research most, fields of interest or specialization or event from related fields, existing problem in the classroom/school/campus/university which one may want to solve, existing needs of the community or society, repetition or extension of investigations already conducted or may be an offshoot of studies underway.
• Selecting the Research Topic should be something new or different from what has already been written about, it must be original, it should be significant to the field of study or disciple, it must necessarily arouse intellectual curiosity, it should be of researcher’s interest and researcher must be with the topic, it should be the modest one for a beginner to be carried on within a limited period of time.
• Quota sampling is a technique with prevention to guarantee the inclusion in the sample of diverse element in the population and no make sure that these diverse elements are taken into account in proportion in which they occur in the population.
• Descriptive-Comparative Studies endeavor to establish significant differences between two or more groups of subjects on the basis of a criterion measure.
• Systematic random sampling is affected by drawing unit’s intervals from a list.
• Research Design refers to the overall plan and scheme of conducting the study.
• Secondary data is a type of quantitative data that has already been collected by someone else for a purpose different from yours.
• Multi-stage sampling refers to the procedures as in cluster sampling which moves through a series of stages.
• Accidental sample is one of which the investigators simply reach out the sample reaches a designated size.
• Observation is a way of gathering data by watching behavior, events, or noting physical characteristics in their natural setting.
• A sampling plan is a detailed outline of which measurements will be taken at what time on which material in what manner and by whom that support the purpose of an analysis.
• Paper-pencil questionnaires, web-based questionnaire, self-administrative questionnaires are different forms of questionnaires.
• Simple random sampling is the basic probability sampling design in which the sample is selected by a progress that does not only give each element in the population a chance being include in the sample but also makes the selection of every possible condition of the desired number cases equally likely.
• Correlational Research Studies determine whether a relationship exists between two or more quantifiable variables and to what degrees.
• Purposive sampling or judgement sampling is used when practical consideration prevent the use of probability sampling.
• Probability sampling refers to a sampling technique in which samples are obtained using some objective chance mechanism, thus involving randomization.
• Descriptive Research Design is designed to describe the status of identified variables such as event people or subject as they exist.
• Instrument are the data-gathering devices that will be used in the study.
• Assessment Evaluation Studies attempt to determine the effectiveness or efficiency of certain practices or policies when applied to a group of respondents.
• Tests provide a way to assess subjects’ knowledge and capacity to apply this knowledge to new situations.
• Sampling is the process of getting information from a proper subset of population.
• Sampling is the process of selecting and getting the respondents of the study with the minimum cost such that resulting observations will be representative of the entire population.
• Cluster sampling is a technique in which the unit of sampling is not the individual but naturally occurring group of individuals.
• Descriptive Evaluative Studies are used to judge the goodness of criterion measure.
• Stratified random sampling is selected subsamples proportionate in size to the significant characteristic population total.
• Non-probability sampling is a technique when there is no way of estimating the probability that each element has of being included in the sample and no assurance that very element has a chance of being included.
• Descriptive Normative Surveys are used to describe trends in a large population of individuals.
• Quantitative Analysis is the technique utilized for analyzing the data gathered may be statistically nature or maybe deterministic.
• Choose the variables that you will measure in the study.