Unconventional fossil fuels

• Canadian Tar Sand:

  • Produces 40% of Canada's oil output
• Canadian Tar Sand:

  • Supports 220,000 jobs (2019) and improves energy security
• Canadian Tar Sand:

  • Fluctuating oil prices affects industry
• Canadian Tar Sand:

  • Rapid inward migration to regions causing housing strains (Fort McCurray)
• Canadian Tar Sand:

  • 0.2% of Aberta's forest destroyed (not that low)
• Canadian Tar Sand:

  • Destruction of Boral forests
• US Shale Gas:

  • Increased fracking has helped shale gas = 75% of US gas supply in 2023
• US Shale Gas:

  • Shale gas = when natural gas trapped in fine grained sedimentary rock. Fracking required for extraction
• US Shale Gas:

  • Increased energy security
• US Shale Gas:

  • OPEC has less control on oil prices (short term)
• US Shale Gas:

  • Extraction emits 5x more emissions than conventional oil extraction
• US Shale Gas:

  • Fracking can contaminate ground water via chemicals from sirface subsidence & pumping fluids
• US Shale Gas:

  • "Fraccidents" - mysterious industry explosions and deaths
• US Shale Gas:

  • 100Bn gallons of water used / year in US for extraction
• Brazilian Deepwater Oil:

  • 2020: Petrobras aimed to increase production to 500,000 barells / day
• Brazilian Deepwater Oil:

  • Taxed income: government invested in education
• Brazilian Deepwater Oil:

  • Strengthened global position
• Brazilian Deepwater Oil:

  • Corruption with petrobras - operation Car Wash
• Brazilian Deepwater Oil:

  • Reliance on oil meaning economy fluctuates (10% of GDP from oil)
• Brazilian Deepwater Oil:

  • Deposits lay under salt layers - increased ocean acidification
• Brazilian Deepwater Oil:

  • Oil spills