6.1.3 DNA and the Genome

• DNA molecules store the instructions for the development and functioning of living organisms in their sequence
• What does DNA direct the synthesis of?

  Proteins
• Match the nitrogenous base with its complementary base in DNA:

  Adenine ↔️ Thymine

  Cytosine ↔️ Guanine
• What is the sugar in DNA nucleotides called?

  Deoxyribose
• Order the components of DNA from smallest to largest:

  1️⃣ Nucleotide

  2️⃣ Gene

  3️⃣ Chromosome
• What is the term for the genetic makeup of an organism?

  Genotype
• DNA stores genetic information in the form of instructions
• What process does DNA direct that determines the characteristics of an organism?

  Protein synthesis
• In the double helix, adenine pairs with thymine, and cytosine pairs with guanine.


  True
• Genes contain instructions for building proteins
• The phenotype of an organism results from the interaction of its genotype and its environment
• What is the significance of DNA replication?

  Inheritance of genetic information
• What is the process called by which DNA makes copies of itself?

  DNA replication
• Accurate DNA replication helps maintain genetic stability.


  True
• List the significance of DNA replication in order of its importance.

  1️⃣ Inheritance of Genetic Information

  2️⃣ Genetic Stability

  3️⃣ Cell Growth and Division
• A point mutation involves the substitution of a single nucleotide
• Mutations can only have harmful effects on DNA.

  False
• Mutations can result in the production of a nonfunctional protein
• What is the primary role of DNA in inheritance?

  Carries hereditary information
• DNA replication allows genetic information to be passed on to new cells.


  True
• Match the nitrogenous base with its complementary pair:

  Adenine ↔️ Thymine

  Cytosine ↔️ Guanine
• What are genes specific segments of?

  DNA
• Genes provide the instructions for protein synthesis.


  True
• Match the example with the correct term:

  Genes for flower color ↔️ Genotype

  Purple flower color ↔️ Phenotype
• What does the genotype of an organism describe?

  Genetic makeup
• Where does the genotype originate from?

  Inherited from parents
• What is an example of a phenotype?

  Purple flower color
• The genome includes both genes and non-coding DNA sequences
• Match the aspect with the correct term:

  Complete set of genetic information ↔️ Genome

  Specific set of genes ↔️ Genotype
• Steps of DNA replication

  1️⃣ Unwinding of the double helix

  2️⃣ Base pairing of new nucleotides

  3️⃣ Joining of new nucleotides
• DNA replication ensures that genetic information is passed on accurately during cell division.


  True
• Mutations that alter protein structure can lead to changes in its function
• What does DNA stand for?

  Deoxyribonucleic acid
• DNA can replicate itself to pass on genetic information to offspring


  True
• DNA is composed of nucleotides, each containing a sugar, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases
• The two strands of DNA are held together by complementary base pairing in a double helix


  True
• Genes are specific segments of DNA on chromosomes that contain the instructions for building proteins.
• What do genes code for?

  Proteins
• The phenotype of an organism is solely determined by its genotype

  False
• What does DNA stand for?

  Deoxyribonucleic acid