4.1.5 Vaccination

• What is the primary purpose of vaccination?

  Prevent future infections
• Match the immune response with its characteristics:

  Primary Response ↔️ Slow activation, lower antibody levels

  Secondary Response ↔️ Fast activation, higher antibody levels
• Why is the secondary immune response more effective than the primary response?

  Higher antibody production
• Match the vaccine type with its active component:

  Live attenuated vaccine ↔️ Weakened live pathogen

  Inactivated vaccine ↔️ Killed pathogen

  Subunit vaccine ↔️ Specific antigens

  Toxoid vaccine ↔️ Inactivated toxins
• Inactivated vaccines are often safer for immunocompromised individuals because they use killed pathogens
• Vaccine-induced immunity always provides lifelong protection.

  False
• The purpose of vaccination is to prevent future infections
• Vaccine-induced immunity carries a minimal risk of side effects compared to natural immunity


  True
• Memory B cells provide long-term immunity
• Order the responses in terms of time to activation from slowest to fastest:

  1️⃣ Primary response

  2️⃣ Secondary response
• What are the four main types of vaccines?

  Live attenuated, inactivated, subunit, toxoid
• Subunit vaccines may require adjuvants for a stronger immune response.
• What is the first phase of clinical trials for vaccines?

  Phase I
• The FDA approves vaccines in the US after reviewing clinical trial data

  True
• Match the clinical trial phase with its objective:

  Phase I ↔️ Evaluate initial safety and dosage

  Phase II ↔️ Assess efficacy and safety in target population

  Phase III ↔️ Confirm efficacy and monitor rare side effects
• Vaccination reduces healthcare costs by preventing outbreaks and hospitalizations.
• What is a primary benefit of vaccination in terms of disease?

  Disease prevention
• Vaccination programs reduce healthcare costs by preventing outbreaks and hospitalizations.

  True
• Serious adverse events from vaccination are extremely rare.
• Match the benefit of vaccination with its corresponding risk:

  Prevents disease ↔️ Mild side effects

  Creates herd immunity ↔️ Rare severe reactions
• Herd immunity protects those who cannot be vaccinated.
• What is the primary purpose of vaccination?

  Prevent future infections
• Natural immunity carries the risk of disease symptoms and potential complications.
• Which cells recognize antigens in vaccines and produce antibodies?

  B cells
• In a secondary response, antibody production is faster and at a higher level.
• Inactivated vaccines are safer for immunocompromised individuals.


  True
• What type of vaccine uses inactivated toxins produced by the pathogen?

  Toxoid
• What is an advantage of vaccines produced by a pathogen?

  Neutralize toxins
• Match the vaccine type with its active component:

  Live attenuated ↔️ Weakened live pathogen

  Inactivated ↔️ Killed pathogen

  Subunit ↔️ Specific antigens

  Toxoid ↔️ Inactivated toxins
• Live attenuated vaccines are suitable for immunocompromised individuals.

  False
• Subunit vaccines require adjuvants to strengthen the immune response.
• Toxoid vaccines always provide lifelong immunity.

  False
• What is the role of regulatory bodies like the FDA in vaccine development?

  Approve for public use
• What is evaluated in Phase II clinical trials?

  Antibody responses
• What is one major benefit of vaccination?

  Disease prevention
• What is a common mild side effect of vaccination?

  Fever
• Why do the benefits of vaccination outweigh the risks?

  Disease prevention
• What type of protection does herd immunity provide to the community?

  Indirect protection
• What is the primary effect of vaccination on disease prevention?

  Provides direct immunity
• Vaccination programs reduce healthcare costs by preventing disease outbreaks.