4.1.6 Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance

• Antibiotics are usually administered internally to treat bacterial infections within the body.

  True
• Which antibiotics interfere with bacterial DNA replication and transcription?

  Quinolones
• Antibiotics like polymyxins disrupt the bacterial cell membrane
• Horizontal gene transfer enables the spread of resistance genes between bacteria.


  True
• What is a key strategy to manage antibiotic resistance by controlling antibiotic use?

  Prescribe only when necessary
• Resistance genes spread between bacteria through horizontal gene transfer
• What is one strategy to control antibiotic use?

  Prescribe only when necessary
• Vaccination reduces the need for antibiotics
• Antibiotics target specific structures or processes essential for bacterial survival.


  True
• Antibiotics target bacteria through several key mechanisms
• Which antibiotic interferes with protein synthesis?

  Tetracyclines
• What is the main driver of antibiotic resistance?

  Overuse and misuse
• Match the cause of antibiotic resistance with its description:

  Overuse of antibiotics ↔️ Frequent use leads to mutations and resistance

  Antibiotic use in agriculture ↔️ Resistance genes transfer to humans

  Lack of new antibiotic development ↔️ Reliance on existing antibiotics drives resistance
• Improved infection control measures in healthcare facilities can reduce antibiotic resistance.


  True
• Why is combination therapy used to manage antibiotic resistance?

  Enhance effectiveness
• What is the role of quorum sensing inhibitors in reducing virulence?

  Disrupt bacterial communication
• Antibiotics are chemical compounds that kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria
• Antibiotics like penicillin prevent the formation of the bacterial cell wall
• Antibiotics target specific structures or processes essential for bacterial survival.

  True
• What are the primary drivers of antibiotic resistance?

  Overuse and misuse of antibiotics
• Match the cause of antibiotic resistance with its description:

  Overuse and misuse of antibiotics ↔️ Increases selective pressure for resistant strains

  Lack of new antibiotic development ↔️ Reduces treatment options

  Mutations in bacterial DNA ↔️ Alters antibiotic target sites

  Selective pressure ↔️ Promotes survival of resistant bacteria
• What is a key consequence of bacterial DNA mutations?

  Antibiotic resistance
• Selective pressure from antibiotic use favors resistant bacteria.

  True
• Improving infection control in healthcare facilities can reduce antibiotic resistance.


  True
• What is combination therapy used for in antibiotic resistance management?

  Enhance effectiveness
• Match the antibiotic mechanism with its description:

  Inhibiting cell wall synthesis ↔️ Prevents bacterial cell wall formation

  Disrupting cell membrane function ↔️ Leads to leakage of cellular contents

  Interfering with protein synthesis ↔️ Binds to ribosomes, preventing protein production

  Inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis ↔️ Interferes with DNA replication
• Which antibiotic inhibits cell wall synthesis?

  Penicillin
• Antibiotics minimize harm to human cells by targeting bacterial-specific processes.

  True
• Horizontal gene transfer spreads resistance genes between bacteria
• What is one way to control antibiotic use to prevent resistance?

  Ensure full courses
• Vaccination reduces the need for antibiotics
• What is the key feature of bacteriophages in combating antibiotic resistance?

  Highly specific