4.1.4 The specific immune response

• The specific immune response is a tailored defense against particular pathogens
• Helper T-cells secrete cytokines
• Regulatory T-cells suppress immune responses to prevent autoimmunity.


  True
• Match the B-cell type with its function:

  Plasma cells ↔️ Produce antibodies

  Memory cells ↔️ Provide long-term immunity
• What is the key difference between primary and secondary immune responses in terms of activation speed?

  Primary is slow, secondary is fast
• The primary immune response involves naive B and T cells, while the secondary response involves memory B and T cells.
• Steps in antigen presentation by APCs

  1️⃣ APCs display antigens on MHC molecules

  2️⃣ Antigens bind to T-cell receptors

  3️⃣ T-cell activation
• APCs use MHC molecules to display antigens to T-cells.

  True
• Match the feature with the lymphocyte type:

  Bind antigens directly ↔️ B-cells

  Recognize antigens presented by APCs ↔️ T-cells
• T-cells kill infected cells as their effector function.


  True
• The specific immune response is orchestrated by T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes
• B-lymphocytes undergo clonal selection after encountering antigens.

  True
• Arrange the key features of primary and secondary immune responses:

  1️⃣ Primary response: Slow activation

  2️⃣ Primary response: Lower antibody level

  3️⃣ Primary response: Shorter duration

  4️⃣ Secondary response: Fast activation

  5️⃣ Secondary response: Higher antibody level

  6️⃣ Secondary response: Longer duration
• What is the role of memory cells in the immune response?

  Long-term immunity
• Arrange the steps of antigen presentation and T-cell activation:

  1️⃣ Antigen presentation by APCs

  2️⃣ T-cell recognition of antigens

  3️⃣ T-cell differentiation into effector cells
• Match the cell type with its antigen recognition mechanism:

  B-cells ↔️ Bind antigens directly

  T-cells ↔️ Recognize antigens presented by APCs
• T-lymphocytes are activated when they encounter antigens presented by APCs.

  True
• What is the role of cytotoxic T-cells?

  Kill infected cells
• Steps in the activation of B-lymphocytes

  1️⃣ Encounter antigens

  2️⃣ Clonal selection

  3️⃣ Differentiation into plasma cells or memory cells
• The specific immune response exhibits both humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity.
• The antibody level in a secondary immune response is higher than in a primary response.


  True
• Which immune response provides stronger protective effects, primary or secondary?

  Secondary
• Activated T-cells differentiate into helper, cytotoxic, and regulatory cells.
• What is the term for the process where B-cells specific to an antigen proliferate and differentiate?

  Clonal selection
• The effector function of B-cells is to produce antibodies.
• What are the two branches of the specific immune response?

  Humoral and cell-mediated
• Match the type of T-lymphocyte with its function:

  Helper T-cells ↔️ Secrete cytokines

  Cytotoxic T-cells ↔️ Kill infected cells

  Regulatory T-cells ↔️ Suppress immune responses
• What do plasma cells produce?

  Antibodies
• T-lymphocytes are activated when they encounter antigens presented by APCs
• Antigen-presenting cells use MHC molecules to display antigens on their surface.


  True
• B-cell activation triggers clonal selection, leading to differentiation into plasma and memory cells.
• What is the effector function of B-cells?

  Produce antibodies
• What process do B-cells undergo after binding to antigens?

  Clonal selection
• What are the two types of immunity driven by T-cells and B-cells?

  Humoral and cell-mediated
• T-lymphocytes are activated when they encounter antigens presented by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) using MHC molecules.
• Cytotoxic T-cells directly kill infected cells.


  True
• What process do B-lymphocytes undergo after encountering antigens?

  Clonal selection
• The specific immune response includes both humoral and cell-mediated immunity.

  True
• How do B-cells recognize antigens?

  Bind antigens directly
• What role do APCs play in T-cell activation?

  Present antigens