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Unit 6: Inheritance, Variation, and Evolution
6.3 The Development of Understanding of Genetics and Evolution
6.3.1 The Work of Mendel
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What is the purpose of Punnett Squares in genetics?
Predict offspring genotypes
In Punnett Squares, dominant alleles are represented by
uppercase
letters.
Steps to construct a Punnett Square:
1️⃣ Define Alleles
2️⃣ Determine Parental Genotypes
3️⃣ Set Up the Grid
4️⃣ Fill in the Square
5️⃣ Analyze the Results
A monohybrid cross involves one gene with two alleles.
True
How many genes are involved in a dihybrid cross?
Two
The observable physical characteristic of an organism is called its
phenotype
.
What was Gregor Mendel's profession?
Augustinian monk
What does the Principle of Segregation state?
Allele pairs separate during gamete formation
Dominant alleles are always expressed in
heterozygous
individuals
True
Match the principle with its description:
Principle of Segregation ↔️ Allele pairs separate during gamete formation
Principle of Dominance ↔️ Dominant alleles mask recessive alleles
Principle of Independent Assortment ↔️ Allele pairs segregate independently
What type of organisms did Mendel use in his experiments?
Pea plants
The Principle of Segregation states that each allele pair separates during gamete
formation
Which principle states that allele pairs segregate independently during gamete formation?
Independent Assortment
The Principle of Segregation explains that offspring inherit one
allele
from each parent.
Match Mendel's experimental principles with their descriptions:
Principle of Segregation ↔️ Allele pairs separate during gamete formation
Principle of Dominance ↔️ Dominant alleles mask recessive alleles
Principle of Independent Assortment ↔️ Allele pairs segregate independently
What happens to allele pairs during gamete formation according to the Principle of Segregation?
They separate
In heterozygous individuals, dominant alleles mask
recessive
alleles.
Steps to construct a monohybrid Punnett Square:
1️⃣ Define the Alleles
2️⃣ Determine Parental Genotypes
3️⃣ Set Up the Punnett Square
4️⃣ Fill in the Square
In a monohybrid cross with RR and rr parents, all offspring have the
genotype
Rr.
True
In a monohybrid cross with RR and rr parents, all offspring express the dominant trait.
True
Mendel's Principle of Segregation states that each allele pair separates during gamete
formation
Recessive alleles are always masked by dominant alleles in
heterozygous
individuals.
True
What does Mendel's Principle of Independent Assortment describe?
Allele pairs segregate independently
Allele pairs segregate independently during gamete formation according to the
Principle of Independent Assortment
.
True
What did Gregor Mendel use in his experiments to study inheritance?
Pea plants
Match Mendel's principles with his experimental observations:
1️⃣ Cross-breeding Pea Plants
2️⃣ Principle of Segregation
3️⃣ Tracking Traits
4️⃣ Principle of Dominance
Offspring inherit one allele from each parent as stated by the
Principle of Segregation
.
True
What is the key process described by the Principle of Segregation during gamete formation?
Allele pair separation
The Law of Independent Assortment states that alleles for different genes segregate independently during
gamete
formation.
Gregor Mendel studied the inheritance of traits by cross-breeding different varieties of
pea plants
The Principle of Independent Assortment states that allele pairs segregate independently of each
other
Offspring inherit one allele from each parent due to the Principle of Segregation
True
During gamete formation, each allele pair separates, as stated in the Principle of
Segregation
Gregor Mendel was an Augustinian
monk
What did Gregor Mendel use in his experiments to study inheritance?
Pea plants
Dominant alleles mask recessive alleles in
heterozygous
individuals.
True
Mendel's observations led to the establishment of three key principles of
inheritance
.
True
What happens to allele pairs during gamete formation according to the Principle of Segregation?
They separate
Dominant alleles are expressed in heterozygous individuals because they mask
recessive
alleles.
Mendel's choice of pea plants allowed him to control breeding and analyze
inheritance
patterns effectively.
True
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