6.4.2 Evolutionary Trees

• What are evolutionary trees used to represent?

  Evolutionary relationships
• In evolutionary trees, organisms are arranged in a branching pattern
• What does the splitting of branches in an evolutionary tree indicate?

  Divergence from common ancestor
• The root of an evolutionary tree represents the common ancestor
• A key component of an evolutionary tree is its branching structure
• Steps to interpret phylogenetic relationships on an evolutionary tree

  1️⃣ Identify organisms sharing a recent common ancestor

  2️⃣ Check the position of nodes to determine evolutionary links

  3️⃣ Analyze branch length to estimate divergence time

  4️⃣ Confirm relationships using physical and genetic data
• What does the proximity of nodes connecting organisms in an evolutionary tree indicate?

  Stronger evolutionary link
• The branches in an evolutionary tree split to show where organisms have evolved and diverged
• What is the common ancestor in an evolutionary tree called?

  The root
• What does the branching structure of an evolutionary tree represent?

  Evolutionary relationships
• Branches in an evolutionary tree split to show where organisms have evolved and diverged
• The root of an evolutionary tree indicates the common ancestor from which all organisms on the tree have descended.


  True
• Match the feature of an evolutionary tree with its description:

  Branching Structure ↔️ Organisms arranged in a branching pattern

  Divergence ↔️ Branches split to show evolutionary splits

  Root ↔️ The common ancestor of all organisms
• Steps to interpret phylogenetic relationships on an evolutionary tree:

  1️⃣ Identify common ancestry

  2️⃣ Examine node position

  3️⃣ Analyze branch length (if applicable)

  4️⃣ Consider physical and genetic traits
• A rooted evolutionary tree has a root node that indicates a common ancestor.


  True
• Rooted evolutionary trees provide clear ancestor-descendant relationships
• What is a clade in evolutionary biology?

  Monophyletic evolutionary group
• A clade is monophyletic, meaning it consists of a single evolutionary lineage.


  True
• Match the type of evolutionary tree with its characteristic:

  Rooted Tree ↔️ Shows a common ancestor

  Unrooted Tree ↔️ Depicts relationships without a common ancestor
• What does the branching structure in an evolutionary tree show?

  Lineage divergence
• What does the root of an evolutionary tree indicate?

  Common ancestor
• An evolutionary tree is a diagram representing the evolutionary relationships between different organisms
• What does the branching structure of an evolutionary tree illustrate?

  Lineage divergence
• The root of an evolutionary tree indicates the common ancestor of all organisms on the tree.


  True
• Phylogenetic relationships refer to the evolutionary connections between organisms based on their descent from a common ancestor
• A rooted tree has a root node that represents the common ancestor.

  True
• An unrooted tree helps visualize evolutionary connections without specifying a specific ancestral path
• Clades are monophyletic, meaning they consist of a single evolutionary lineage.


  True
• How is a phylogenetic tree of mammal families used in biology?

  Reveals diversification over time
• What do the leaf nodes at the end of each branch in an evolutionary tree represent?

  Individual organisms or species
• The branches in an evolutionary tree show where organisms have evolved and diverged from a common ancestor over time.

  True
• What does the root of an evolutionary tree symbolize?

  Common ancestor
• Evolutionary trees use physical and genetic similarities and differences to represent evolutionary history and relatedness.


  True
• The root of an evolutionary tree represents the common ancestor of all organisms on the tree.


  True
• What do the leaf nodes at the end of each branch of an evolutionary tree represent?

  Individual organisms
• Evolutionary trees are constructed based on the similarities and differences in organisms' physical characteristics and genetic makeup.
• What do nodes in an evolutionary tree mark?

  Common ancestors
• What does the position of nodes on an evolutionary tree indicate about organisms?

  Evolutionary link strength
• Branch length on an evolutionary tree always represents the time since divergence.

  False
• Branches on an evolutionary tree represent the evolutionary lineages