7.9 Phylogeny

• A phylogenetic tree shows the evolutionary relationships between species over time
• Match the feature with the type of tree:

  Evolutionary relationships over time ↔️ Phylogenetic Tree

  Grouping species into clades ↔️ Cladogram
• Phylogenetic trees and cladograms both focus on evolutionary history and relationships.


  True
• Unrooted phylogenetic trees have a defined root or common ancestor.

  False
• Phylogenetic trees can be classified as rooted or unrooted depending on whether they indicate the direction of evolutionary time
• Unrooted phylogenetic trees specify the direction of evolution.

  False
• Rooted phylogenetic trees have a defined common ancestor
• A phylogenetic tree shows the evolutionary relationships among different species or groups of species
• Branches in a phylogenetic tree indicate evolutionary paths.


  True
• What do the tips or leaves of a phylogenetic tree represent?

  Specific species or groups
• Rooted phylogenetic trees show the direction of evolution
• What is phylogeny defined as?

  Evolutionary history and relationships
• Match the feature with the correct type of diagram:

  Evolutionary relationships over time ↔️ Phylogenetic Tree

  Grouping species into clades ↔️ Cladogram
• What are shared derived characteristics used for in phylogenetic trees?

  Grouping species into clades
• Rooted phylogenetic trees provide a timeline of evolutionary events.


  True
• A rooted phylogenetic tree shows the temporal order of divergence.

  True
• What are the two classifications of phylogenetic trees based on direction of evolutionary time?

  Rooted and unrooted
• Rooted phylogenetic trees indicate the temporal order of divergence.


  True
• What does the root in a rooted phylogenetic tree represent?

  Common ancestor
• Unrooted phylogenetic trees show the direction of evolution.

  False
• Arrange the following steps to describe the differences between rooted and unrooted phylogenetic trees:

  1️⃣ Rooted trees have a defined root

  2️⃣ Unrooted trees lack a root

  3️⃣ Rooted trees show temporal order

  4️⃣ Unrooted trees show relationships without direction
• Nodes in a phylogenetic tree represent points where lineages diverge.


  True
• What do the tips or leaves of a phylogenetic tree represent?

  Specific species or groups
• Primary methods for constructing phylogenetic trees include morphological and molecular
• Molecular data can be affected by sequencing errors.

  True
• What do cladograms group species into?

  Clades
• What do branch lengths in a phylogenetic tree indicate?

  Evolutionary distance
• Match the field with its application of phylogeny:

  Evolutionary Biology ↔️ Tracing the history of species

  Medicine ↔️ Tracking disease outbreaks

  Agriculture ↔️ Crop improvement

  Conservation Biology ↔️ Prioritizing species for protection
• What is one example of using phylogeny in medicine?

  Tracking disease outbreaks
• What does phylogeny study?

  Evolutionary history and relationships
• A cladogram represents the timing of evolutionary events.

  False
• What does the root of a phylogenetic tree represent?

  Common ancestor
• Nodes in a phylogenetic tree represent common ancestors
• What distinguishes a rooted phylogenetic tree from an unrooted one?

  Direction of evolutionary time
• A rooted phylogenetic tree indicates the temporal order of divergence
• What does the root node in a rooted phylogenetic tree represent?

  Common ancestor
• What is the key difference between rooted and unrooted phylogenetic trees in terms of direction of time?

  Rooted trees indicate direction
• Match the feature with the correct type of phylogenetic tree:

  Present root ↔️ Rooted Phylogenetic Tree

  Absent root ↔️ Unrooted Phylogenetic Tree
• What does the root in a phylogenetic tree represent?

  Common ancestor
• Nodes in a phylogenetic tree represent common ancestors