7.8 Continuing Evolution

• What is the definition of continuing evolution?

  Ongoing genetic changes
• Gene flow increases genetic diversity within populations.


  True
• Mutations are random changes in the DNA sequence
• Genetic drift is more pronounced in small populations.

  True
• What is the role of mutations in continuing evolution?

  Introduce new variation
• Industrial melanism in peppered moths demonstrates adaptation to environmental changes.


  True
• Match the example of continuing evolution with its description:

  Antibiotic Resistance ↔️ Bacteria survive despite antibiotics

  Industrial Melanism ↔️ Moths adapt to soot-covered trees

  Pesticide Resistance ↔️ Insects survive pesticide exposure
• Mutations introduce new genetic variation
• What can genetic drift lead to in small populations?

  Loss of variation
• How does gene flow affect genetic diversity within populations?

  Increases diversity
• Steps of natural selection in continuing evolution

  1️⃣ Variation in traits

  2️⃣ Differential survival

  3️⃣ Reproduction based on fitness

  4️⃣ Increased frequency of advantageous traits
• Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is an example of continuing evolution
• Why is pesticide resistance in insects a concern for humans?

  Requires new pesticides
• The mechanisms of continuing evolution drive ongoing changes in populations over time.

  True
• Mutations are random changes in DNA sequence
• Why do viruses like influenza require annual updates to vaccines?

  To evade immune system
• What are the four main mechanisms that drive continuing evolution?

  Mutations, gene flow, drift, selection
• Industrial melanism in peppered moths is an example of adaptation to environmental pollution.

  True
• Evidence supporting continuing evolution

  1️⃣ Fossil record

  2️⃣ Comparative anatomy

  3️⃣ Biogeography

  4️⃣ Direct observations