7.7 Common Ancestry

    Cards (82)

    • Common ancestry refers to the principle that all living organisms on Earth descended from a single ancient ancestor
    • Embryology is the study of the development of embryos
    • What is embryology the study of?
      Development of embryos
    • What do pharyngeal arches develop into in vertebrates?
      Head and neck structures
    • What genetic material do all living organisms use?
      DNA
    • The DNA sequence for a conserved gene is identical in humans and chimpanzees
    • What does the principle of common ancestry propose?
      All organisms share ancestors
    • Homologous structures are similar in different species despite their function
    • Biogeography supports common ancestry by aligning geographical distribution with evolutionary relationships
    • Shared developmental stages among organisms suggest common ancestry.

      True
    • Homologous structures have the same function in different species.
      False
    • Shared developmental stages in embryology indicate common ancestry.

      True
    • Shared developmental stages among different organisms indicate common ancestry.

      True
    • The tail is present in all adult vertebrates.
      False
    • What does the fossil record show about organisms over time?
      Evolutionary changes
    • Fossils provide a historical record of life and support the idea of common ancestry.
      True
    • Match the evidence type with its significance:
      Fossil Records ↔️ Historical record of life
      DNA Evidence ↔️ Shared genetic links
      Homologous Structures ↔️ Suggest shared origin
      Vestigial Structures ↔️ Evidence of evolutionary relationships
    • What are homologous structures, and what do they suggest about evolution?
      Similar structures, shared origin
    • Which embryonic features are shared by vertebrates such as mammals, birds, and fish?
      Notochord and pharyngeal arches
    • Vertebrates share embryonic features such as a notochord and pharyngeal arches
    • The comparison of developmental stages demonstrates a shared genetic blueprint
    • Highly similar sequences of key proteins across species indicate evolutionary relationships
    • Arrange the types of evidence from the fossil record in order of their significance for common ancestry:
      1️⃣ Transitional forms
      2️⃣ Shared anatomical features
      3️⃣ Sequential appearance in the geological record
      4️⃣ Fossils of extinct species
    • What is the study of evolutionary relationships among organisms called?
      Phylogeny
    • What does the root of a phylogenetic tree represent?
      Most recent common ancestor
    • Arrange the components of a cladogram in order from base to tip:
      1️⃣ Root
      2️⃣ Nodes
      3️⃣ Branches
      4️⃣ Tips
    • The tips of a cladogram represent current species or groups.
      True
    • Steps involved in interpreting a cladogram
      1️⃣ Identify the root
      2️⃣ Follow branches to tips
      3️⃣ Determine divergence points
      4️⃣ Understand evolutionary relationships
    • Fossil records provide evidence for common ancestry by showing transitions and shared features between species.

      True
    • Vestigial structures are evidence of evolutionary relationships because they showcase traits no longer necessary in modern species
    • Vertebrates share similar embryonic features like a notochord and pharyngeal arches, indicating common ancestry.

      True
    • What is one piece of molecular evidence that supports common ancestry?
      Shared genetic material
    • What does the similarity in DNA sequences highlight across species?
      Common origins
    • Transitional forms in the fossil record show evolution from ancestral forms
    • A cladogram is a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships between different groups of organisms
    • Evolutionary lineages demonstrate shared traits among species to support common ancestry.

      True
    • Common ancestry is a cornerstone of biodiversity, explaining how species can trace back to a shared evolutionary starting point.

      True
    • Modifications to developmental pathways lead to species-specific traits while retaining core processes.
      True
    • All living organisms use DNA as their genetic code.
      True
    • The fossil record provides evidence for transitional forms between species.

      True
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